RFC Goes To The Movies

Radio FREE Crockett

(3.2 stars; 4 reviews)

Alfred Joseph Hitchcock was an English film director and producer. Considered one of the greatest directors of all time, he became known as the "Thriller Master" because he was the great pioneer of the techniques and elements that characterize the psychological thriller. He was born in Leytonstone, an eastern suburban area of ​​the city of London, in August 1899. He was the son of Emma Jane and William Hitchcock.  Her parents were both half English and half Irish. Hitchcock had a childhood and a demanding but quite normal upbringing.  He attended a Jesuit school and was raised under a strict Catholic regime. She was a lonely child, closed over herself because of her obesity.  In his teens he began to show interest in movies, regularly attending the cinema.  His father, a grocer by trade, died when he was 14 years old. In the same year of his father's death, he left school and began to define his professional career.  In 1913 and 1914 he attended the engineering course at the London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation.  He worked in the sales and advertising department of WT Henley's Telegraph Works Company until 1918. His artistic vocation prompted him in 1916 to study drawing at the University of London's Fine Arts department.  Made advertising graphics for the company WT Henley.  The interest of his free time was directed to the cinema, which gradually grew as one of the most important recreational activities in London.  His fondness for the Seventh Art was heightened especially after seeing David Wark Griffith's "The Birth of a Nation."  It was not listed in the army during World War I,  due to being overweight.  He ventured into writing, publishing short stories.  Hitchcock has always been an admirer of Charles Dickens and Edgar Allan Poe. In 1920, the young man read in a magazine that a US film company, the Famous Players-Lasky Company, an arm of Paramount Pictures, was going to set up a studio in London.  Hitchcock introduced himself in her offices, taking with him some sketches for silent films he had created.  Immediately, the company hired him.  In the first year he worked as a writer and designer of the intertitle cards at Islington Studios, and later participated as editor, artistic director and screenwriter for filmmakers such as Hugh Ford, Donald Crisp and George Fitzmaurice.  He worked under the direction of George Fitzmaurice, who taught him the first techniques of filming.  In this studio he met Alma Reville, who was dedicated to editing, becoming her future wife.  Famous Players closed their British branch in 1922, His name appears linked to films for independent producers, taking more and more responsibility in the middle, whether in artistic direction, production design, editing, as assistant director and screenwriter. Alma and Hitchcock worked together on several films and, in 1925, traveled to Germany to produce a film whose script he had written, "The Prude's Fall," with the alternate title "Dangerous Virtue," directed by Graham Cutts. and assisted by Hitchcock.  At the end of this trip, Hitchcock declared himself to Alma, marrying her in 1926. They had only one daughter, Patricia Hitchcock. After Number 13 (or Mrs. Peabody) from 1922 until 1929, Hitchcock made ten films.  His first hit in the UK was "Blackmail", which came out in a muted and sonic version, which would open the door to a period of several suspense classics directed by him on British soil. After nine films, between 1930 and 1934, he signed a contract with Gaumont-British Picture Corporation, performing that same year, The Man Who Knew Too Much, with Peter Lorre, which was a box office success and much praised by critical, being redone with James Stewart and Doris Day in 1956 for Paramount Pictures. His second film made for this company was The 39 Steps, dated 1935, considered by many to be the best film of this period.  The British Film Institute gives it fourth place in the best British films of the twentieth century.  After 'Secret Agent', 'Sabotage', both 1936 and 'Young and Innocent' 1937, his next big hit was 'The Lady Vanishes' in 1938. The international screening of these films caught the attention of Hollywood producers. to the director's abilities in the use of suspense.  From a plausible plot Hitchcock was able to psychologically explore human fears in a subtle and fascinating way. In 1939, after performing Jamaica Jamaica with Charles Laughton and Maureen O'Hara, the first of three adaptations of Daphne du Maurier's novels, Hitchcock will live in the United States and sign a seven-year contract with David Selznick. , producer of films like «Gone With the Wind».  In this country would come to realize most of his masterpieces. Alfred Hitchcock made his Hollywood debut with the movie «Rebecca» in 1940. With this film he won his only Oscar for best picture.  The story revolves around a humble young woman and a rich and widowed man who marry shortly after they meet.  However, he still lives tormented by the memories of his former wife.  When they live for her husband's house, she uncovers dark secrets about his past. In the 1940s, Hitchcock's films became thematically more diverse, including the espionage thriller in 1940's Foreign Correspondent or 1946's Notorious, the comedy in Mr.  & Mrs. Smith 1941, the psychological thriller in 1941 Suspicion, the psychological film noir in Shadow of a Doubt 1943 or Spellbound 1945, the claustrophobic survival drama entitled Lifeboat 1944 or the historical drama in 1949's Under Capricorn. Shadow of a Doubt was one of Hitchcock's favorite films. Spellbound, with Ingrid Bergman and Gregory Peck, has been nominated for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Supporting Actor, among others.  Producer David O. Selznick used his experiences in psychoanalysis, and even took his therapist May Romm to the studio as a consultant.  For this film William Cameron Menzies made some dream sequences based on the work of Hitchcock and Salvador Dali, the latter specially hired for the purpose, which Selznick did not appreciate and reduced from about twenty minutes to about two in the final montage. From 1948, after The Paradine Case of 1947, the last film made for Selznick, Hitchcock began to produce his own films.  Created a production company, Transatlantic Pictures.  His first film in this new phase of his career in Technicolor was 'The Rope' of 1948. It suggests uninterrupted real-time action being set up with long planes linked together to look like a single plan.  It was inspired by Patrick Hamilton's 1929 play. It was based on the true story of two wealthy students, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb of the University of Chicago who kidnapped and murdered Robert Franks, a fourteen-year-old boy. demonstration of their supposed intellectual superiority.  They thought they had the intelligence to commit the perfect crime without regard to the responsibility of their actions.  In the film, Brandon Shaw (actor John Dall) and Phillip Morgan (actor Farley Granger) strangle a friend with a piece of string, purely as an aesthetic-inspired exercise, just before having dinner at home with friends.  They hide the body in an old chest and use it as a table to serve dinner.  Brandon and Phillip had the inspiration for the murder years earlier in conversations with professor and editor Rupert Cadell (actor James Stewart).  While attending school, Cadell discussed with them, apparently with approval, Nietzsche's Übermensch concept and the art of Thomas De Quincey's Homicide as a way of showing individual superiority over others.  Rupert Cadell is a guest at the party as Brandon thinks he will show appreciation for the "artwork" of the two friends.  Under Capricorn, 1949,  an unforgettably beautiful film, it was a box office failure and ended up with Transatlantic Pictures.  It is about a young man who goes to Australia, finding his former lover in Australia, finding that she has become an alcoholic with dark secrets.  The negative publicity of the film resulted in part from the extramarital relationship that Ingrid Bergman, the protagonist, had with Italian director Roberto Rossellini. Hitchcock later signed a contract with Warner Brothers, then moved to Paramount and went through the 1950s with a series of big-budget films, working with some of the biggest movie stars of all time and a series of anthological films. . The 1951 film Strangers on a Train was based on Patricia Highsmith's novel.  In this movie his daughter, Patricia Hitchcock, had a small role.  It was his first film distributed by Warner Bros.  According to Pulitzer Prize-winning Roger Ebert and film critic Strangers on a Train was the best movie ever. In 1954, the movie Dial M for Murder featured Ray Milland and Grace Kelly in the lead roles.  It was the first movie in which Hitchcock worked with Grace Kelly and was based on the play written by Frederick Knotte.  Ray Milland portrays the role of a former tennis player who decides to kill his wife to keep his inheritance and to take revenge for having an affair with a writer.  Blackmails an old friend into strangling him, so as to appear that he had been a thief to commit the crime. In the same year, Hitchcock premiered the movie "Rear Window" with James Stewart and Grace Kelly in the lead roles.  In addition to the box office's most substantial box office recipes, this film is considered by many movie buffs to be one of the best in Hitchcock or even in the history of cinema.  Set in New York, this movie is about LB Jeffries, a professional photographer, confined to his apartment in a wheelchair for breaking his leg.  To entertain yourself, you start looking at the lives of your neighbors through binoculars and then the camera lens.  Jeff begins to notice a particular neighbor, as certain things are happening that make him suspect that he murdered his wife. In 1955, he launched a television program called 'Alfred Hitchcock Presents'.  It was a weekly series with several episodes about suspenseful crime stories.  This series was very successful and, in addition to having made some episodes, was also its host, thus becoming an even more popular figure.  The show began in 1955 and ended in 1962, being considered by Time magazine as one of the top 100 television shows of all time.  Hitchcock was subsequently the host of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour between 1962 and 1965. In 1955 he performed To Catch a Thief with Cary Grant and Grace Kelly.  In 1956, Hitchcok again filmed The Man Who Knew Too Much, now with James Stewart and Doris Day in the lead roles.  The director considered the new version superior to the original film made by him in 1934. Shot in 3 months, "Vertigo" was released in 1958, at the height of Hitchcock's fame.  However, despite being one of his favorites, this movie was not very well received by some critics of the time.  This magnificent cinematic exercise in exploring identity, fantasy and compulsion was, in the 1998 American Film Institute poll, ranked 61st among the 100 best American films of all time and its soundtrack in 12th place. . North by Northwest, 1959, features Cary Grant, Eva Marie Saint and Martin Landau, among others.  It tells the story of an innocent man who is pursued by agents of a mysterious organization. 'Psycho' of 1960 was of great importance as it changed the cinematic approaches related to the horror genre.  The film stars Janet Leigh and Anthony Perkins and one of the best-known scenes in movie history, the famous shower scene, in which Marion Crane (actress Janet Leigh) is stabbed to death.  The reaction of the audience was impressive.  In the movie theaters there were entire lines of people screaming in the most terrifying scenes.  The film was ranked eighteenth on the American Film Institute list of the top 100 American films of all time. 1963's The Birds, perhaps Hitchcock's most disconcerting film, is based on a novel of the same name by British writer Daphne Du Maurier and stars Rod Taylor, Jessica Tandy and Tippi Hedren.  The film was groundbreaking in terms of soundtrack and special effects.  For this last reason it was nominated for an Oscar. 'Marnie' of 1964 focuses on a compulsive liar (actress Tippi Hedren) suffering from kleptomania.  Mark Rutland (actor Sean Connery), a wealthy widower, is attracted to her and tries to help her discover the causes of her behavioral disorder, including fear of sexuality. In 1972, Hitchcock released Frenzy, a UK-made thriller that first brought nudity and slang scenes to his films. His last film was Family Plot, made in 1976 with Karen Black and Bruce Dern. Hitchcock brought big innovations to the suspense.  He experimented and used new techniques in camera positions and movements.  He invested in elaborate editing and soundtracks that enhanced the atmosphere of suspense and terror.  It uses intense music and light effects to accentuate the mood of suspense. In fiction, MacGuffin is a narrative technique, a way of weaving the plot of a story with an objective, a desired object, or another motivator that the protagonist pursues.  It is an original concept popularized by Alfred Hitchcock, used by the filmmaker to insert an object that serves as a pretext for advancing the story without having much importance in its content.  For example, the Psycho MacGuffin is the money Marion steals.  The money only serves to drive the character Marion Crane to the Motel Bates, but upon arriving at the motel money loses importance in the course of history. Hitchcock appears in most of his own movies, only briefly.  Usually appears at the beginning of his films, not to distract the viewer from the main plot.  For example, in «Rear Window» appears inside the pianist's apartment.  In «Psycho» is seen passing in front of Marion's office with cowboy hat.  In "The Birds" appears to leave a pet store with two dogs. In total, Hitchcock has made over fifty films in a career spanning six decades.  He is considered by many to be one of the most influential filmmakers in film history.  In 1980 Hitchcock died of kidney failure at his home in Los Angeles.  Your body has been cremated.  His wife Alma Reville died two years later. Timothy Walter (Tim Burton) born August 25, 1958 in Burbank, California, is an American filmmaker, producer, writer, and poet.  Often his films feature actors Johnny Depp and Helena Bonham Carter, with the latter having a serious relationship since 2001 of which he has two sons Billy Raymond and Nell.  Singer-songwriter Daniel Robert Elfman has composed the soundtrack for most of his films. Tim Burton is the first of two children of Bill Burton and Jean Erickson.  Burton described his childhood as private, imaginative and lost in his own thoughts.  He found home life and school difficult, joined a group called OW SHIT STUDIOS (OSS), and escaped everyday reality by reading dark books by Edgar Allan Poe and watching B-series horror films, which he would later honor in his biography. by Edward D. Wood.  Another important cinematographic figure in Burton's childhood is that of actor Vincent Price, whose filmography persuaded him to pursue a director's career. After finishing High School at Burbank High School, I studied at the California Institute of the Arts in Santa Clarita, California.  He studied Animation for three years and was then hired by Walt Disney Studios as an apprentice apprentice.  He worked on The Fox and the Hound, The Black Cauldron, and Tron, but his personal style didn't fit Disney standards.  It was during this time that Tim Burton made his first three short films: Vincent's stop-motion animation and two live-actions, Hansel and Gretel and Frankenweenie.  The story of the last short film focuses on a dog that was killed by being run over and later resurrected in a similar way to that of the Frankenstein monster.  The work was considered too dark by Disney, which was why Burton was dismissed. Following the financial success of his first feature film, Pee-wee's Big Adventure, 1985, Burton, with his penchant for horror and comedy skills, then became involved in two films: Beetlejuice, 1988 which, having a budget Very low ($ 15 million) hit nearly $ 74 million at the box office and received the Oscar for best makeup.  It was with this film that the director finally stood out and was invited to perform an overproduction: Batman, in 1989, which in 1992 would have the sequel Batman Returns, also featuring Tim Burton.  With his career soaring, between the two Batmans Burton decided to film his personal project titled Edward Scissorhands in 1990 in which a boy has scissors in place of his hands. For the project, Tim Burton hired actor Johnny Depp, with whom from then, would collaborate 7 more times (until 2012 in the movie Dark Shadows) with this.  About 4 years later, the same actor (Johnny Depp) was invited to star in Ed Wood's film biography, considered to be the worst director ever.  In 1996, it premiered in Mars Attacks! Theaters, which is a true testament to the love of the 1950s science fiction "B" movies. Also in 1999, Sleepy Hollow hits the adaptation of Washington Irving's well-known The Legend of Sleepy Hollow story. . In 2001 Tim Burton retrofits Pierre Boulle's novel La Planète des singes and features a remake of the 1968 film of the same title as Franklin J. Schaffner, which had 4 movie sequels between 1970 and 1973 and television versions.  However, this new film is critically harassed and fails at the box office.  In 2003, Tim Burton returns to great form with Big Fish being widely praised by critics.  Then, in 2005, the theatrical adaptation of Roald Dahl's namesake novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and the stop-motion animation Corpse Bride hit the theaters with Mike Johnson.  In 2007, Tim Burton films Broadway musical Sweeney Todd, the murderous barber of Fleet Street.  In 2010 the much-anticipated Alice in Wonderland hits the theaters adapted from Lewis Carroll's Alice books  s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and Through the Looking-Glass (1871).  Although the film is not well reviewed, it made $ 1 billion to become Tim Burton's most successful movie in the movie industry.  In 2012, Tim Burton brought us three more films;  The first is Dark Shadows based on the television series of the same name created by Dan Curtis and broadcast between 1966 and 1971. The box office profit was less than half of the invested capital and greatly divided the criticism.  Nevertheless it aroused the public's curiosity to introduce Johnny Depp in the role of Barnabas Collins, a seventeenth century vampire who wakes up in the twentieth century.  The second film is Frankenweenie, which is a new shoot from his 1984 short film. The new version is stop-motion and so is the black-and-white short.  The third is Abraham Lincoln: We will now read excerpts from Aurélien Ferenczi's study of Tim Burton, published by the Cahiers du Cinema, focusing particularly on his animated films. Born in Burbank, on the outskirts of Los Angeles, Timothy William Burton acknowledges having "the same activities as other children: going to the movies, playing, drawing."  He adds, joking to the perpetual adolescent, "What is most unusual is to want to keep in these activities as you grow up." But later on we learn that "people felt a distressing need to leave him alone" and also that he had "Few friends, but [that] there were plenty of weird movies to watch, so as not to lack friends for a long time."  Tim Burton thus has an almost normal childhood in a small village where the 'blue collars' (the workers at the Lockheed aircraft factory, which has just closed doors) are gradually  replaced by 'white collars' (and in particular the employees of the major Hollywood studios with offices and studios in the city).  His father, who was almost a professional baseball player, works in an amusement park, his mother owns a gift shop, and they all have a common bond with cats.  Young Tim, leaving his parents' home early to live with his grandmother, is not truly dissatisfied in this centralized middle-class normalcy, but he doesn't really fit in with her either… Later, he will confess to having few links with his parents. - and never evokes the existence of the younger brother, Daniel.  in common, a bond with cats.  Young Tim, leaving home early with his grandmother to live with his grandmother, is not truly dissatisfied in this centralized middle-class normalcy, but neither does it really fit her… Later, he will confess that he has kept few connections with his parents - and never evokes the existence of the younger brother, Daniel.  in common, a bond with cats.  Young Tim, leaving home early with his grandmother to live with his grandmother, is not truly dissatisfied in this centralized middle-class normalcy, but neither does it really fit her… Later, he will confess that he has kept few connections with his parents - and never evokes the existence of the younger brother, Daniel. Tim Burton goes to the movies, like everyone else, but cinema amazes him more than anyone else.  And, above all, the fantastic cinema.  He remembers Don Chaffey's Jason and the Argonauts (1963) as one of the first films he saw.  From this mythological epic, it retains, above all, the special effects of the legendary Ray Harryhausen (the famous stop-motion technique, of which Tim Burton will become an incandescent supporter) that bring to life a stone giant or an army of skeletons. «I've always liked monsters and monster movies.  I had a feeling that most of these monsters were misunderstood and that they generally had more heart and soul than the humans around them. "These movies were undoubtedly my fairy tales." Young Tim Burton is lucky, the genre is exuberant: he watches Hammer-produced vampire films from England twice or three times, and on television the works of the previous decade, all B series of fantastic and horror, shot in full cold war to exorcise the atomic danger. At the time, Tim Burton expressed a rather broad taste, but Vicent Price films "touch him in a peculiar way."  This great American actor, of noble size and with a very British irony, became a "star of terror", first, thanks to André De Toth's "House of Wax" (1953), then, from " House of Usher ”(1960), as a star of Edgar Poe's adaptations, signed by Roger Corman.  Tim Burton finds in these very literary horror films a refuge for his torments as a child and then a lonely teenager, and curiously even sees in them correspondences with his own life: “I grew up in the suburbs, in a thoughtful, normal and pleasant environment - but that I considered it differently - and these films put me in the face of certain feelings.  It connected them to the place where he lived… So when his parents shut two windows of his house, Tim Burton immediately thinks of the sufferings described by Edgar Poe in his tales) and largely taken up in Corman's films): cloistered victims alive or mistakenly buried in a catatonic state… This faculty of turning the most banal real - an American suburb - into a place of mystery and terror, this craze of throwing yourself into a fantastic universe, partly for fun, partly for determination, will find itself incredibly It was made in Tim Burton's first professional short film, Vincent, in 1982. A few years ago Burton had made his debut in amateur cinema - even delivering short films to the teachers, as if they were mere homework.  At the same time, he draws, showing a limitless imagination and a certain sense of sketch.  In 1976, he obtained a scholarship to join the California Institute of Arts, or 'CalArts', a school founded by Disney Studios, to find talented designers who could eventually become the designers of their exclusive films. Tim Burton is then twenty-one, and in his mind, images that do not really match Disney's aesthetics… The narrative of his four years of hard work at home with Mickey's mother, Donald and his friends has become legendary: he loves it. draw skeletons and ghosts and see himself participating in The Fox and the Hound (1981) the story of mushy friendship between a dog and a fox.  The spirit of the house displeases him: “At Disney, they want the person to be an artist and, at the same time, an undead worker, without personality.” Bored, he learns all kinds of ostentatious attitudes: sleeping with his eyes open in front of his drawing board drawing, exaggerating (or not) strangeness - sits in a cupboard or under the table, grits his teeth to make them bleed etc. Indeed, I wanted the chance that came at the worst time of the production company.  Until the arrival in 1984 of producer Jeffrey Katzenberg, who wants to give the studio a new momentum.  This is split between those who met Walt Disney (killed 1966) and those who want to turn the page and update production.  Tim Burton is not in any of these fields and often wonders why they did not fire him, but instead promoted him to 'artist-designer': he was drawing incessantly, but ideas that should be useful to the studio are never taken into account.  However, the Disney experience is far from as frustrating as it later tells.  Two young executives, Julie Hickson and Tom Wilhite, noted their talent: so, with a budget of $ 60,000, they allow you to realize Vicent,  an astonishing six-minute black-and-white movie that blends cartoon and stop-motion techniques, image-by-picture animation of a puppet.  Vicent tells the story of Vicent Malloy, a seven-year-old boy who would love to be… Vicent Price and imagines himself in macabre situations, close to those of Edgar Allan Poe's tales. Since the summer of 1991, when he is pre-producing Batman Regressa, Tim Burton has embarked on a very personal side project whose success would, over the years, help identify his style, shape his signature. Debuting on American screens - on Halloween - in October 1993, The Nightmare Before Christmas will be considered an example of the purest liveliness of 'Burton touch'.  It is an animated film or, more accurately, animated puppets image by image, technique already used in the Vicent film.  Incidentally, the original idea goes back to the Disney years: Burton wrote a kind of poetic imitation of a very famous poetry in the United States: A Visit from St. Nicholas by Clement Clarke Moore, an 1823 text that fixed little or nothing on imagery. Christmas party and particularly the figure of Santa Claus (literally St. Nicholas, that is, our Santa Claus). Obviously, Burton's version of Christmas Nightmare is more sinister.  The resulting décor approaches that of "Beetlejuice" (the hand of the writer Michael McDowell is recognized) for its mirror effect.  In the country of tales, an imaginary forest forwards to different cities, where the parties are preparing: Christmastown (Christmas City), Halloweentown (Halloween City), etc.  When the Halloween king, the skeleton Jack Skellington, accidentally discovers the joyful city where Santa's elves prepare ornaments and gifts, he is dazzled and, to change his annual Halloween ceremony, keeps offering gifts to children.  Santa's kidnapping allows him to replace him, with disastrous effects: his gifts will scare the kids and cause chaos… All the ghostly Christmas preparations, "Jack Skellington is like those characters in love, who want to do something in an unrecognized way, a bit like Don Quixote, Jack is looking for a feeling he never had but passionately wants," he says. Burton later.  The description may also suit other characters in Burton's films, such as Ed Wood or Willy Wonka. Tim Burton quickly understands that all the drawings, models, screen tests imagined when he was working at Disney belong to the studio… “When we work there, we sign a paper that the thoughts we had during our working hours are up to the Thought Police,” he said. he with some bitterness. At Disney, they are, by the way, willing to welcome this project as something peculiar: but this children's movie - who else could go and see puppets moving?  - Filled with funeral silhouettes and amused to clutter "the spirit of Christmas" is "handed over" to an adult branch, Touchstone Pictures.  Anyway, in the studio, no one can really follow - and thus control - a shoot that will go on for over eighteen months.  Tim Burton is obliged to hand over the achievement itself to Henry Selick, an animation professional he met at Disney.  In a San Francisco studio, micro scenes and puppets of about eight inches are built, which will have to be moved millimeter by millimeter, flat by flat.  This technique has not evolved since the dawn of cinema and makes it possible to give life to the inanimate in film, With his friend Danny Elfman refined McDowell's argument to make this story unique, a mini musical comedy: it is the appropriate choice for determining the strangeness of the characters and location;  It is also what gives the film its strength and tone.  Danny Elfman's score, which gives Jack Skellington his own voice, is a special mix.  It brings together Kurt Weill and Cab Calloway, creating - notably for Jack - a very dynamic 'spoken chant' that the composer sought from the eccentric Victorian operettas of duo Gilbert and Sullivan. It is essential to the success of the film, alternately giving it enthusiasm (Jack's idealism) and melancholy (Sally's complaint, the doll to whom the sinister Doctor Finkelstein gave his life and who is privately in love with the skeleton hero…). Richness of melodies, science of arrangements, humor of lyrics… Jack's Weird World fans listen to the original soundtrack of their fetish movie from start to finish. It is, by the way, difficult to gauge the merits, the poetic value of a film of exceptional visual richness.  The cohesion of the argument - which is not always the force of animated films - is an asset: this rooted universe, this Halloweentown society partially built upon ours - in the image of its fickle mayor, the creature of a politician - works according to the rules that the narrative sets and then respects carefully.  The fantastic never excludes logic.  To fully enjoy the movie, one might also have to have the spirit given to the macabre: so we were entranced by the fabulous gathering of Burton and Selick, this unbelievable monstrous fauna that roams the cobbled streets of Halloweentown.  All vampires, monsters make up a kind of encyclopedia of childhood fears;  and it is the film's purpose to make each of these creatures, the organization of downtown Halloweentown, seem to have an identity, a life of its own.  By the way, the only repair we can make to this fascinating movie is to move too fast, not to let us take advantage of the fertile imagination of puppet designers and creators… When it debuts, the results are more than correct (more than $ 50 million in revenue in the United States for a budget of $ 18 million), but Disney can't exploit it as a traditional animated movie.  The studio crashes, for example, derivative products - toys, T-shirts, etc.  - which usually accumulate on the shelves of Disney stores with each new manufacture and have little interest in overseas premieres.  Too ominous?  "Jack wants to do good and ends up being misunderstood, scaring everyone: that's what happened to the movie," says Burton.  However, The Nightmare Before Christmas will be saved from a stable cult of a handful of believers around the world, a constantly expanding population.  In Japan, for example, Over the years, and as habits develop, success becomes more familiar: you imagine a video game (Oogie's Revenge), and then the movie is released again in October 2007, in a version in « 3-D '.  It's the great luck that animation has: never goes out of fashion… Tim Burton returns to the animation, twelve years later, as it returns to the first loves, with Corpse Bride.  The film, this time co-directed by Mike Johnson, a simple animation professional on The Nightmare Before Christmas, opens in October 2005 (after two years of creation), on a completely different occasion: Burton is already a famous filmmaker fondled by studio that employs him - in this case Warner, where he returned.  It is no longer a matter of betting on the particularity of a project, but of 'reappointing a winning team'.  Indeed, globally distributed, Corpse Bride is not a dud, but it must be a very faithful imitation of The Nightmare Before Christmas.  Burton says he was inspired by an "old European tale" that a former CalArts colleague told him:  the story of a man stalked by a dead woman who claims to be his wife… Ideal for putting on two worlds, with the taste of Tim Burton's so pleased opposition: the world of the living, sad and monochrome, and the dead, oscillating and colorful "Nice enough, if we get over the terror of seeing skeletons walking around, like it's the most innate thing in the world."  “This theme of the world of the living, which seems more dead than the world of the dead, has existed in me for a long time…”, confesses the director.  To many, Corpse Bride resembles a best of Tim Burton: the young hero, Victor Van Vort, whom the fish-eater parents dream to unite with young Victoria Everglot, the daughter of devastated aristocrats, evokes, with his slender silhouette and face, Vincent's young hero who would have grown up - and, of course, Tim Burton himself. Thus Remains of the Day, which he sings himself, embodying Bonejangles, the jazzman skeleton, recalls the song by Oogie-Boogie and Tears to Shed, played by Helena Bonham Carter, who gives voice to the "dead in love", rediscovers sadness of Sally's whimper. However, she is more revolted in the movie Corpse Bride, which has fewer musical numbers, there is a disturbance of psychology that gives more loyalty to the characters.  It turns out that Tim Burton, who lives in London, has put together an extraordinary vocal distribution, rich in safe values ​​from the British stage: Richard E. Grant, Jane Horrocks, Emily Watson, Albert Finney, etc.  They have the vocal subtlety of subtly embodying the multitude of grotesque figures stirring on the screen.  The Nightmare Before Christmas had the air of fearless bizarre, crafted between friends of animation, to experiment with initiates;  Corpse Bride is, to all intents and purposes - in the film, by the way, much more sophisticated technical know-how is used - a more serious case and, perhaps, a rediscovering movie. Ennio Morricone is a unique figure in the history of film music.  One of the most prolific, original and famous composers of the twentieth century.  Her curriculum includes more than half a thousand scores of widely diversified musical styles for films and television series of all dramatic genres. Morricone was born in Rome in 1928. He was the son of Mario Morricone, a jazz trumpeter and Libera Morricone who ran a small textile business.  He was an early musician, starting composing at the age of six, learning from his father to read staves and experimenting with some instruments, and then, in 1940, studying harmony and composition at the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia.  There he received trumpet lessons with Umberto Semproni and studied composition, harmony, orchestral conduct and choral music.  In 1946 obtained a diploma in trumpet. Postwar Italy did not offer many more job opportunities to a more scholarly composer, and Morricone to support his family worked as a musician in various jazz bands and arranging popular songs for Italian Radio Television.  Studio arrangements followed for RCA Corporation, working with Renato Rascel, Rita Pavone and Mario Lanza. During the late 1950s he composed socks and was the conductor of the score signed by Nascio Nascimbene for the film "Death Di Un Amico" directed by Franco Rossi.  Morricone began writing movie soundtracks in the early 1960s, initially light-hearted comedies that did not require very complex music. His career as a film music composer began in 1961 with the film «Il Federale» directed by Luciano Salce. Parallel to this more commercial activity, in 1965, he joined the Gruppo di Improvvisazione Nuova Consonanza, a group formed by Franco Evangelisti's initiative, of eclectic taste that interpreted and recorded improvised music, following a contemporary erudite aesthetic. He has composed sheet music for films called 'Western Spaghetti' (because they have Italian production and production) and television productions released in English, Italian, German and French. Morricone proved to be able to write memorable melodies with his first western, entitled 'Duello nel Texas' (or alternatively 'Gunfight at Red Sands' and 'Gringo'), performed by Ricardo Blasco in 1963, the year before his association with the director Sergio Leone. Morricone's work with Sergio Leone began with the film trilogy "The Man with No Name" with Clint Eastwood, being the first "A Fistful of Dollars", the second "For a Few Dollars" More '(' For any dollaro in più ')' and the third 'The Good, The Bad and The Ugly' ('Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo'), respectively from 1964, 1965 and 1966. Since the budget is not When he was large, Morricone spared himself from the typical Western Western orchestral arrangements and used shots, whip crackles, whistles, voices, berimbau, trumpets, and the new Fender electric guitar.  His original soundtrack resembles a set of special sound effects, opening new creative horizons for film musical composition.  The music for the Western Spaghetti only compromised one phase of Morricone's career but,  For many, this is their most innovative work.  Morricone amplified the plot scenes by ingeniously using various arrangements and instrumentations: the use of the harmonious berimbau, piccolo, church organ, whistles, trumpets, noises, ghostly vocal choirs, among others, is unmistakable, affirming the singular mark. from Morricone compositions to Leone films.  Morricone said, "A composer has an obligation to invent and capture noise, the musical sound of life."  And so it did.  affirming the singular mark of Morricone compositions for Leone films.  Morricone said, "A composer has an obligation to invent and capture noise, the musical sound of life."  And so it did.  affirming the singular mark of Morricone compositions for Leone films.  Morricone said, "A composer has an obligation to invent and capture noise, the musical sound of life."  And so it did. Other smaller filmmakers with whom he collaborated on Westerns were Sergio Corbucci, Sergio Sollima, Mario Caiano, Carlo Lizzani, Duccio Tessari, Damiano Damiani, Giulio Petroni or Michele Lupo.  Many of these films were starring popular actors of the time such as Bud Spencer or Giuliano Gemma and sometimes with higher quality actors such as 'Tepepa' (or alternatively 'Long Live the Revolution' or 'Blood and Guns'), directed by Giulio Petroni in 1969, in which, curiously, enters Orson Welles or even "Guns for San Sebastian", made by Henri Verneuil in 1968 with Charles Bronson and Anthony Quinn. Morricone's palette of musical styles is quite diverse.  It moves creatively in classical music, rock, jazz, pop or electronic music, among other styles.  The influence of rock and roll was quite felt, reflecting, intentionally or unintentionally, the sound of contemporary recordings by bands such as The Ventures, Duane Eddy, The Shadows or John Barry (who also composed for film). In an interview with Fred Karlin, author of Listening Movies, Morricone spoke of his humble beginnings, saying: “My first films were light comedies or costumes that required simple sheet music that was created without difficulty, a genre that I never completely abandoned, even when they hired me for major films with foreground directors. Although the Westerns gave him immense prestige, it was his work with other great directors such as Franco Zeffirelli, Federico Fellini, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Roman Polanski, Bernardo Bertolucci or Roland Joffé who put him alongside composers such as John Williams the man. who dominated film music in the 1970s and 1980s with memorable themes for Jaws, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Indiana Jones or Star Wars films, and Jerry Goldsmith. Since the 1960s, he has worked with many Italian and international filmmakers, among which, not previously mentioned, include in 2012, Mauro Bolognini, Giuliano Montaldo, Dario Argento, Lina Wertmuller, Giuseppe Tornatore, Brian de Palma, John Carpenter, Roman Polanski, John Huston, Warren Beatty, Adrien Lyne, Oliver Stone, John Boorman, Wolfgang Petersen, William Friedkin, Mike Nichols, Margarethe von Trotta or Pedro Almodovar.  For Television he wrote the theme for the West series «The Virginian» which was called last season, «The Men From Shiloh» with James Drury and Doug McClure and for episodes of «Space: 1999» with Martin Landau and Barbara Bain. From 1970, after a long work in Europe, he agreed to a request from veteran American director Edward Dmytryk to compose the song for "The" Human "Factor", his latest work, dating from 1975. His His relationship with the United States was never positive: the American way of life did not appeal to him.  He even refused to settle in Los Angeles and even learn English.  Still, he was nominated five times for an Oscar, the first in 1979 for Terrence Malick's "Days of Heaven" drama. After a decade of hard work in 1980, his work has received recognition from the music-related community for film in New York.  Musician John Zorn on the 1985 album "The Big Gundown" presented hilariously deconstructive, boldly catchy and innovative arrangements from Morricone's score for the homonymous film directed by Sergio Sollima in 1966, starring Lee Van Cleef.  He put together an eclectic jazz ensemble, making Morricone something comparable to what Miles Davis previously did with Richard Rodgers, Cole Porter or Victor Young.  In 1986, he was nominated for best soundtrack Oscar for the film "The Mission", directed by Roland Joffé, without winning.  A year later, he returned to glory with a new nomination for "The Untouchables" by Brian de Palma. We highlight the work with the Italian director Giuseppe Tornatore in the 1988 film Nuovo Cinema Paradiso. Both collaborated on 1990 Stanno tutti bene, La domenica especially 1991, Una Pura Formalità 1994, L Uomo delle stelle '1995,' La sull'oceano piano player '1998,' Malèna '2000, La sconosciuta' 2006, 'Baarìa' 2009, 'La migliore offerta' 2013 and 'The Correspondence' , scheduled to premiere in 2016. Received the title of Commendatore dell'Ordine Al Merito della Reppublica Italiana in 1995. In 1998 Ennio Morricone wrote the full score for the beautiful film What Dreams May Come, but director Vincent Ward considered the song. too sentimental and replaced it with Michael Kamen's. For this successful career, the main figure was not only Ennio Morricone but also the various orchestras that played his works: Santa Cecilia Academy Orchestra, La Scala Philharmonic Orchestra and Choir, Rome Opera Orchestra, Opera Orchestra Hungarian State, National Orchestra of Spain, Bavarian Radio Monaco Orchestra, London Symphony Orchestra, Bulgarian Symphony Orchestra, Belgian National Orchestra, National Pays de la Loire Orchestra and Roma Sinfonietta Orchestra.  With the interpreters of these formations Morricone's music traveled the world. In recognition of his merit Ennio Morricone won and was nominated for numerous awards including five BAFTA awards between 1979 and 1991. He was also nominated by the Hollywood Academy for five Oscars for the Best Original Soundtrack between 1979 and 2000, having won none. their.  In 2007, Morricone received at the hands of Clint Eastwood an honorary Oscar, given by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, for his magnificent and multifaceted musical contributions to film.  In an interview with a London newspaper, asked Ennio Morricone to look back over his career, the composer said: “I am pleased with what I have done, but I think I can still innovate.  We know we can always do better. His most recent project, 2015, is a Mass dedicated to Pope Francis commissioned by the Society of Jesus.  At 86, with more than 500 soundtracks, a hundred classical scores composed in a 60-year career and over seventy million records sold, it took Francis to be elected Pope to convince Ennio Morricone to write a mass, a prestigious stage. in the course of a great composer, as the great ones teach us, from Mozart to Schubert to Bruckner, Morricone said.  This project was born at the request of his wife Maria, with whom he has been married since 1956, who always asked him to write him a Mass and of Father Daniele Libanori, who in 2012 asked him to write a Mass in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the reconstitution of the Society of Jesus.  In the meantime Pope Francis was elected and Morricone considered dedicating a Mass to his wife and Pope Francis, calling himself "Mass Papae Francisci".  This piece was of great value to the composer, born and raised in a Catholic family. Pondering his impressive work and journey, in an analysis of himself, Morricone said: “I'm not tired of writing music.  It's the only thing I can do. Francis Ford Coppola was a producer, screenwriter and film director.  Winner of several Oscars and awards at festivals such as Berlin Venice and Cannes, considered one of the best directors of all time, Francis Ford Coppola, was born on April 7, 1939 in Detroit, Michigan, United States of America.  Your family moves soon after your birth to New York.  Coppola grew up in an artistic setting of a family of Italian descent.  His father Carmine Coppola was a musician, composer and flutist at the Detroit Symphony Orchestra and his mother Italia Coppola was the daughter of popular Italian composer Francesco Pennino.  At a young age, he contracted polio, spending long periods in bed developing his imagination with reading, devoting himself to producing puppet shows and home movies. A mediocre student, in the early grades, often changed schools and learned to play tuba.  He entered Hofstra University in Hempstead to study Theater Arts.  After seeing Sergei Eisenstein's film "October", he was fascinated by the making and particularly the editing.  It was at this time that he decided to study cinema.  He enrolled at UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television at the University of California, Los Angeles.  That's when he met Jim Morrison, the Doors frontman, who later uses the theme song "The End" for the soundtrack for the movie "Apocalypse Now."  Coppola attaches great importance to the sound and soundtracks of his films, many composed by his father Carmine. At the University, he makes two horror short films, and the company Searchlight Productions hired him to produce and produce a Western softcore comedy titled "Tonight for Sure" in 1962. The same company asked him to reprint a German film by Fritz Umgelter, while which added new footage and his name was credited as a screenwriter and director of the final product with the title of "The Bellboy and the Playgirls".  Two box office failures. After graduation, he is invited to be assistant to director Roger Corman.  He doubled and reassembled the Russian science-fiction movie Nebo zovyot, made by Valery Fokin in 1959. The result of his speech was a hilarious movie of monsters, with sex and violence mixed together, now called Battle Beyond the Sun. and premiered in 1962. Corman, impressed by Coppola's dedication and perseverance, gave him tasks as a sound operator, dialogue director and associate producer. In 1963, with $ 40,000 and 9 days of shooting, he wrote the script and directed "Dementia 13", a thriller and horror movie in which Irish actor Patrick Magee enters.  For the next 4 years, Coppola became involved in several screenwriting collaborations, and in 1966, his film "You're a Big Boy Now" sparked a lot of positive reviews and award-winning actress nominations. Although not a blockbuster at the time, it has become a relatively cult movie over time.  In it, Bernard, the 19-year-old main character, is forced by his father to move and live alone to Manhattan, where he meets the strangest and cariciest people who introduce him to the world of sex and drugs and where he finds love. .  The whole soundtrack is composed of songs written by John Sebastian. Two years later, he directed "Finian's Rainbow" a film adaptation of a Broadway musical, first premiered in 1947, starring Fred Astaire and Petula Clark.  Thanks to this film, he was introduced to George Lucas, whom he has been friends with to this day, and who was assistant to the production of his next work: "The Rain People", 1969, starring James Caan, Robert Duvall and Shirley Knight.  Lucas is a 32-minute documentary entitled "Filmmaker: A Diary by George Lucas", dealing with the filming of this film.  The Rain People received the Concha de Oro at the San Sebastian Festival in Spain that year. Coppola depicts the life of Natalie Ravenna, a married woman who discovers she is pregnant.  Thinking she is not ready to have the child, she decides to flee her life and head for California.  Halfway through his trip, he meets a mysterious man named Killer, who gives him a ride and admits to having a love affair with him, ending this relationship involving deeper feelings when he finds out that Killer suffers from mental problems and has no family.  She tries to help him, even though she knows she can't take care of herself.  Everything gets even more complicated when you get involved with a traffic cop.  Although not very successful, it has gained a feminist film status because the intrigue centers on a woman who is looking for herself. In 1969 Francis Ford Coppola and George Lucas founded the independent film producer American Zoetrope in San Francisco.  He intended to create an alternative studio that would design and implement creative and less conventional film approaches.  The first project was 1971 'THX 1138', a science fiction produced by Coppola and directed by George Lucas and with Robert Duvall and Donald Pleasence in the lead roles. In the 1970s Coppola will be a director of the "new Hollywood" list including Steven Spielberg, Martin Scorsese, Brian De Palma, Terrence Malick, Robert Altman, Woody Allen, William Friedkin, Philip Kaufman and George Lucas.  On the other hand, in independent and less well-off cinema, John Cassavetes and documentary filmmaker Frederick Wiseman, among others, were making decisive works for film history. After helping to write the argument for "Patton" made by Franklin J. Schaffner in 1970, obtaining an Oscar, in 1972 Francis Ford Coppola makes one of the best American films of the twentieth century: "The Godfather".  This iconic film, an adaptation of Mario Puzo's book, has received significant awards and positive reviews, becoming another cult film directed by Coppola.  The narrative plot follows the life of the Corleone family, especially Patriarch Vito Corleone, a magnificent performance by Marlon Brando, closely portraying the Italian mafia in the United States.  Featuring a remarkable cast of actors, including Marlon Brando, Al Pacino, James Caan, Richard Castellano, Robert Duvall, Sterling Hayden, John Marley, Richard Conte or Diane Keaton, this film was the box office's record holder for the year and won Three Oscars:  best film, best actor (Marlon Brando) and best adapted screenplay (Mario Puzo and Coppola), as well as many other awards and nominations.  The success originated the sequels "The Godfather Part II" in 1974 and "The Godfather Part III" in 1990. While directing The Godfather Part II in 1974, he also directed The Conversation, a film featuring John Cazale, Allen Garfield, Cindy Williams, Frederic Forrest, Harrison Ford, Teri Garr and Robert Duvall, in which Harry Caul, played by Gene Hackman, a devout Catholic, jazz lover and obsessed with his privacy, is confronted with an unusual situation in his work as a vigilante.  After hearing a suspicious conversation between a couple, it is inferred that the couple may involve a murder.  The film is admittedly inspired by Michelangelo Antonioni's "Blow-Up" in 1966. Having only premiered a few months before Richard Nixon resigned as president of the United States, some people interpreted this film as a “reaction ”To the Watergate scandal. This film influenced musicians and filmmakers and, in addition, had three Oscar nominations, losing to "The Godfather II", won two BAFTA, three National Board of Review Awards and the Palme d'Or at this year's Cannes Film Festival.  While filming him, he wrote the script for "The Great Gatsby," made by Jack Clayton in 1974, which won several awards, including 2 Oscars. In 1979, Coppola once again directs a movie that becomes a hit and deserves to be on the list of the best movies ever.  A culturally and historically relevant film: Apocalypse Now, an adaptation of Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness.  Featuring Martin Sheen, Marlon Brando, Harrison Ford, and Robert Duvall, his plot is about the Vietnam War and follows the story of US Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a role played by Martin Sheen who is sent on a mission to kill Walter E Kurtz, once an excellent and exemplary soldier, who goes mad and runs his own army.  Due to the brutality of the images and dialogues, this work left the divided criticism as to whether or not to be in favor of the war.  It questions the Vietnam War, its destructive effect and American supremacy.  Francis Ford Coppola sacrificed everything he had to make this movie.  He mortgaged the house and went with his wife and children to the jungle in the Philippines, where he directed the film closely.  "Apocalypse Now" was a difficult film to make and is reported in the documentary "Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse" by Eleanor Coppola, his wife, who accompanied him and recorded the backstage of this film.  But it was all worth it because after its release, the film won a lot of awards, such as a Golden Palm, two Oscars, three Golden Globes and two British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).  "Apocalypse Now" was a difficult film to make and is reported in the documentary "Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse" by Eleanor Coppola, his wife, who accompanied him and recorded the backstage of this film.  But it was all worth it because after its release, the film won a lot of awards, such as a Golden Palm, two Oscars, three Golden Globes and two British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA).  "Apocalypse Now" was a difficult film to make and is reported in the documentary "Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse" by Eleanor Coppola, his wife, who accompanied him and recorded the backstage of this film.  But it was all worth it because after its release, the film won a lot of awards, such as a Golden Palm, two Oscars, three Golden Globes and two British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA). "Porklips Now" is a parody of "Apocalypse Now", made by Ernie Fosselius in 1980 and only for the humorous quote. 1981's "One From The Heart" is the film Coppola directs after "Apocalypse Now", a brilliant, violent and raw musical whose plot deals with a love story between Hank, played by Frederick Forrest, and Frannie played by Terri Garr, who celebrate 5 years of relationship in Las Vegas, eventually ending on the day of celebration.  After that, they set out to find new partners, but deep in their hearts they both know they still love each other.  Featuring an Oscar nominated Tom Waits soundtrack, this movie has not won any awards but only a lot of negative reviews.  After a movie like "Apocalypse Now", critics expected a colossal movie and "One From The Heart" did not live up to expectations, it was also a box office disaster. Coppola said the films he made during the rest of the 1980s and many of the 1990s such as "The Outsiders", "Rumble Fish", "The Cotton Club", "The Godfather Part III", "Jack" and The Rainmaker, were made to repay the debts of 'One from the Heart'. Several times Coppola has used actors from his own family.  In "The Godfather" it was his sister, Talia Shire and his daughter, Sofia Coppola, who play the roles of Constanzia, the sister of Michael Corleone (Al Pacino) and Michael Francis Rizzi, his son respectively.  In 1983, with the film "Rumble Fish" he discovers the talent of his nephew Nicolas Kim Coppola, better known by the name of Nicolas Cage and other talents such as Matt Dillon who stars in the movie: Rusty James, a leader of a gang from Tulsa in Oklahoma aspires to be as feared as his older brother Motorcycle Boy role played by Mickey Rourke.  He was also once a gang leader and had been absent after having problems with the police.  When he returns to the city,  He just wants to have a peaceful life while Rusty wants to live up to his brother's reputation.  Rumble Fish has won 3 awards and 2 nominations, one of them for the Best Original Score Golden Globe.  Cage also participated in 1984's The Cotton Club and 1986 Peggy Sue Got Married. A year earlier, in 1982, Francis Ford Coppola directed another film with young actors: The Outsiders, whose plot is also set in the city of Tulsa.  This time the story revolves around three orphan brothers from the Greasers gang: Ponyboy Curtis, played by Christopher Thomas Howell, Sodapop Curtis, played by Rob Lowe and Darry Curtis played by Patrick Swayze.  These are part of a gang of poor working class youth trying to beat their rivals: the Socs, a gang of rich young people living on the other side of town.  This film garnered a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actor for Christopher Thomas Howell, Best Film and Best Supporting Young Actress, and was nominated for Best Film at the Moscow International Film Festival.  Early in his career, In 1984, Coppola performed «The Cotton Club».  This was, in fact, a nightclub that existed in Harlem, New York City, during Prohibition in the 1920s and 1930s and held jazz shows. Inspired by it, the film focuses on its regulars, notably the character of Dutch Schultz, played by James Remar, a gangster who is saved by a musician, Dixie Dwyer, played by Richard Gere, after being the victim of an attack.  Because of this, Dutch has put Dixie to work for himself and, as a result, Dixie is also starting to attend the Cotton Club, where most shows are performed by black artists for a white audience.  It is at this club that Dixie falls in love with Dutch lover Vera Cicero, played by Diane Lane.  At a time when Jewish and Irish gangsters fight against Italian gangsters, many of these feuds have the Cotton Club as a backdrop.  Dixie gets fed up with this life and, luckily, is invited to a movie role, much to Dutch's displeasure. In 1986, Peggy Sue Got Married is a dramatic comedy with Kathleen Turner, Nicolas Cage and Jim Carrey.  On the verge of divorcing her husband, from whom she has been in high school, Peggy Sue attends a 25-year reunion of her high school graduation class.  At this gathering of former colleagues, he faints and walks 25 years ago in time.  Realizing what has happened, Peggy Sue tries to make other decisions in the past to change her future.  Nominated for 3 Oscars and 2 Golden Globes, he eventually won an award from the American Society of Cinematographers for Best Film Photography and a National Board of Review for Best Actress. Gardens of Stone is premiered the following year.  Named for a Golden Prize at the Moscow International Film Festival and an award from the Political Film Society, founded this year, "Gardens of Stone" is a war drama set in 1968, narrating how veteran sergeant Clell Hazard, played by James Caan deals with the will to save the lives of the young soldiers who are sent to the Vietnam war.  But when he sees that Jackie Willow, played by Daniel Bernard Sweeney, the son of an old friend, goes to war he and Sergeant Major Goody Nelson do everything to help the boy. Tucker: The Man and His Dream, 1988, is a film based on the real story of Preston Tucker, a car designer and entrepreneur.  Tucker, a role played by Jeff Bridges, has a dream: to create the best cars ever.  It ends up getting funds to be able to set up its own car factory.  Here we see a parallelism with Coppola himself who strove to create his own studio, American Zoetrope.  Besides, Coppola has an obsession with this theme, because Tucker is the car of his dreams.  Tucker: The Man and His Dream had good reviews but was not a box office success.  The money invested was not fully recovered.  It has won 1 Golden Globe, 1 BAFTA and 1 National Society of Critics Award Film, but, on the other hand, this film has produced an increase in Tucker Sedans car prices. In 1989 Francis Ford Coppola participates in "New York Stories" consisting of three short stories that have as main theme the city of New York.  The first story is Life Lessons, directed by Martin Scorsese.  The second, Life Without Zoë, is directed by Coppola and written by you and your daughter Sofia Coppola.  It tells the story of a young girl, Zöe, who lives in a luxury hotel and helps an Arabian princess recover a valuable jewel.  In addition, Zöe tries to reconcile his divorced parents.  The third story is called "Oedipus Wrecks" and is written, directed and starred by Woody Allen. Since "The Outsiders" and excluding "Peggy Sue Got Married", all Coppola films have suffered. After making the last film of the Godfather trilogy in 1990, which was another blockbuster, in 1992 he directs "Bram Stoker's Dracula", based on Bram Stoker's novel "Dracula", starring Gary Oldman, Keanu Reeves, Winona Ryder and Anthony Hopkins.  The film tells the story of Vlad Tepes and how he became a vampire.  Four centuries after becoming Count Dracula, he believes that his late beloved, Elisabeta, has reincarnated into the skin of a London girl.  An award-winning film with three Oscars and five Saturn Awards, it has been well received by critics and audiences alike, although it cannot compare to all of Coppola's other hits.  Revenue was five times higher than investment.  Although Francis Ford Coppola's 'Dracula' was well received, his next 1996 movie 'Jack' with Robin Williams,  it would become a cinematic disappointment, but not a box office one.  A film that tells the story of a boy, Jack who suffers a disease that causes each year lived to age 4 years. A year later, in 1997, Coppola directs "The Rainmaker" with Matt Damon, Danny DeVito, Danny Glover, Claire Danes, Jon Voight, Roy Scheider, Mickey Rourke, Virginia Madsen and Mary Kay Place.  The story of a young lawyer, Rudy Baylor, is played by Matt Damon, who helps a couple fight the American health care system because the insurance company refuses to pay the full surgery for their leukemia child.  While working on his first case, Rudy falls in love with a married woman, Kelly Riker, the role of actress Claire Danes she finds in the hospital, victim of her husband's violence.  Nominated for several awards, including a Golden Globe and a Political Film Society Award, the film wins a Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Actor of the Year for Matt Damon. After "The Rainmaker" Coppola only makes a movie again 10 years later, in 2007. But it is not only cinema that lives Francis Ford Coppola.  In addition to cinema, he devoted himself to other branches such as his wine business and made an announcement for the Whiskey Suntory brand with Akira Kurosawa, with whom he had previously worked, and in 1996 was chairman of the Cannes Film Festival jury. . After 10 Years of Cinema Break, Coppola returns with Youth Without Youth, based on the eponymous novel by Mircea Eliade.  With this work he won an Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Award and a nomination for the Independent Spirit Award.  The storyline features Tim Roth as Dominic Matei, the main character, a 70-year-old teacher whose purpose in life is to discover the origin of languages ​​spoken by humans.  But now 70, he realizes that it is too late and, in order to commit suicide, travels to Bucharest, city where he had known the love of his life, Laura, role played by Alexandra Maria Lara.  This city is struck by lightning, causing him to regenerate and become a much younger man.  The whole movie is set in a pre-World War II setting. In 2009, Francis wrote and directed the film «Tetro», a story about two American brothers.  “Tetro” takes place in Buenos Aires where Tetro, one of the brothers, starring Vincent Gallo, lives.  He wants to lose all contact with his family, even changing his name (formerly called Angelo).  Bennie, the other brother, works with a waiter on a ship and when he has a technical problem and is anchored in Buenos Aires for a few days, he will visit his brother Tetro.  Like "Rumble Fish", "Tetro" is recorded in black and white and is probably his most personal film to date. Francis Ford Coppola's most recent work is «Twixt», a 2011 horror movie with Val Kilmer, Elle Fanning, Joanne Whalley and Bruce Dern in the cast.  The story of this movie is about a writer, Hall Baltimore, played by Val Kilmer, with a declining career who, during commitments to launch his new book, visits a small town for an autograph session.  The night she arrives, she has a dream about a young ghost named V, the victim of a murder.  What he doesn't know is that this murder has more to do with his life than he thinks.  This movie received no major awards or nominations and was a huge box office failure. Although Coppola's latest films can't match the brilliant films like The Godfather, The Conversation or Apocalypse Now, Francis Ford Coppola is still a film genius.  He himself admits to being a genius but without talent.  Everything he does is only the result of the genius and sloppiness he claims to have.  This is what makes it one of the best in contemporary cinema. Nowadays, when he is not dedicated to making his own films, he produces, manages hotel, restaurant, wine business and is the founder and editor of a literary publication called “Zoetrope: All-Story”, since 1997. Enrico Nicola “Henry” Mancini, who lived between 1924 and 1994, was an American composer, performer, conductor and arranger, especially remembered for his film and television scores.  Often mentioned as one of the best composers in film history, he won four Academy Awards, one Golden Globe, twenty Grammys and one posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995. His best-known works include the theme of the film series «The Pink Panther », the theme« Moon River », from the movie« Breakfast at Tiffany's »or the theme of the television series« Peter Gunn ». Mancini was born near Cleveland and raised in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.  His parents immigrated from the Abruzzo region of central Italy.  Mancini's father, named Quinto, was a metalworker who started his son taking piccolo flute lessons at the age of eight.  Four years later he started taking piano lessons.  Quinto and Henry played the flute together in a band of immigrants from the city of Aliquippa called "Sons of Italy."  After graduating from Aliquippa High School in 1942, Mancini attended the famous Juilliard School of Music in New York.  In 1943, after a year at Juilliard, his studies were interrupted when he had to go to the army.  He first served in infantry, later transferred to an army band.  In 1945, he participated in the liberation of the Mauthasen-Gusen concentration camp in Austria. As soon as he left the army, Mancini entered the music industry.  In early 1946, he became pianist and arranger for the Glenn Miller Orchestra led by Gordon Lee "Tex" Beneke.  After World War II, Mancini broadened his skills in composition, counterpoint, harmony and orchestration during studies with composers Ernst Krenek and Mario Castenuovo-Tedesco. In 1952 Mancini became a member of the music department of Universal Pictures.  For the next six years, he contributed music to over 100 films, including Orson Welles's 1958 Touch of Evil. During this period, he also wrote some very popular musical pieces.  His first hit was a single by Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians entitled "I Won't Let You Out of My Heart." In 1958 Mancini left Universal to work as an independent composer and arranger.  In this new phase he contributed to the television series «Peter Gunn» for producer and writer Blake Edwards.  It was the genesis of a professional relationship in which Edwards and Mancini collaborated on 30 films for 35 years.  Along with Alex North, Elmer Bernstein, Leith Stevens or Johnny Mandel, Henry Mancini pioneered the inclusion of jazz elements in the orchestral romantic film. Mancini's scores for Blake Edwards include 'Breakfast at Tiffany's' 1961 (with the standard theme 'Moon River') and 'Days of Wine and Roses' 1962, 'Experiment in Terror' 1962 'The Pink Panther' 1963 (and all its sequels), 'The Great Race' 1965, 'The Party' 1968, '10' 1979 (featuring 'It's Easy to Say') and 'Victor Victoria' 1982. Another director with whom Mancini had a long partnership was Stanley Donen.  Mancini also wrote for Howard Hawks, Martin Ritt, Sica Vittorio, Norman Jewison, Paul Newman, Stanley Kramer, George Roy Hill, Arthur Hiller, Ted Kotcheff and others.  Mancini's score for Alfred Hitchcock's 1972 film Frenzy for string organ and orchestra was rejected and replaced by Ron Goodwin's. Mancini composed scores and opening themes for mini series and television series including "The Moneychangers", "The Thorn Birds", "The Shadow Box", "Mr.  Lucky ',' NBC Mystery Movie ',' What's Happening ',' Tic Tac Dough 'and' Once Is Not Enough '.  In the 1984-85 television season, four series featured original Mancini themes: 'Newheart', 'Hotel', 'Remington Steel' and 'Ripley's Believe It Or Not'.  Mancini also wrote the theme "Viewer Mail" for Late Night With David Letterman.  Mancini composed the theme for NBC Nightly News in 1975 and another theme, entitled "Salute to the President", was used by NBC News for its election coverage from 1976 to 1992. "Salute to the President" was published as an arrangement. for school band, but even so, Mancini often performed it with symphony orchestras at his concerts. Many songs with music composed by Mancini were light music clips from the 60's to the 80's. He has recorded over 90 albums with styles ranging from big band to light classic and pop.  Eight of these albums were gold records, reaching sales of half a million copies.  He had a 20-year deal with publisher RCA Victor, resulting in 60 commercial albums that gave him a household name among light music artists.  Mancini's first recordings in the 1950s and early 1960s were jazz.  Then he began recording his own music on albums and movie soundtracks.  The amount he designed for film and television was higher.  Starting with Nino Rota's 1969 hit arrangement A Time for Us for Romeo and Juliet and A Warm Shade Of Ivory, Mancini began to assert himself as a piano soloist and performer. of light music mainly recording music written by other people. Mancini was also a concert artist, conducting over fifty annual shows, resulting in over 600 performances during his lifetime.  He has conducted almost every major orchestra, including the London Symphony Orchestra, the Israel Philharmonic, the Boston Bops, the Los Angeles Philharmonic and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra of London.  One of her favorites was the Minnesota Orchestra.  He appeared in concerts for the British Royal Family in 1966, 1980 and 1984. Henry Mancini died of pancreatic cancer in Los Angeles on June 14, 1994. At the time, he was working on the Broadway version of Victor / Victoria.  He was supported by his 43-year-old wife, Virginia singer "Ginny" O'Connor, with whom she had three children.  They met while both were members of the Tex Beneke Orchestra, shortly after World War II.  In 1948, Ms. Mancini was one of the founders of the Singing Society, a non-profit organization that benefits the health and well-being of professional singers around the world.  In addition, the society grants scholarships to students seeking an education in the vocal arts.  One of Mancini's twin daughters, Monica Mancini, is a professional singer;  his sister Felice directs The Mr. Holland's Opus Foundation.  His son Christopher is a music editor and promoter in Los Angeles. The American Film Institute in 2004 ranked Mancini's songs "Moon River" at # 4 and "Days of Wine and Roses" at # 39 on its list of the best American film songs.  His score for «The Pink Panther» occupies the 20th place in her list of greatest film soundtracks.  Sheet music for "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "Charade", by Stanley Donen in 1963, "Hatari!", By Howard Hawks in 1962, "Touch of Evil" by Orson Welles in 1958 and "Wait Until Dark" , performed by Terence Young in 1967, were also named to the list. 2. Lalo Schifrin Boris Claudio “Lalo” Schifrin was born in 1932. He is an Argentine pianist, composer, arranger and conductor.  He is also best known for the large number of film and television scores since the 1950s, including the theme of "Misson: Impossible" and "Enter the Dragon."  He received five Grammys and six Oscar nominations.  Associated with the genre of jazz music, Schifrin is also known for his collaborations with Clint Eastwood from the late 1960s to the 1980s, especially the Dirty Harry films. Schifrin was born in Buenos Aires.  His father, Luis Schifrin, conducted the second orchestra violin section at the Teatro Colon for three decades. When he was six years old, Schifrin began a six-year piano study course with Enrique Barenboim, the father of pianist and conductor Daniel Barenboim .  At 16 he began to study piano with Russian - Greek expatriate Andreas Karalis, former director of the Kiev Conservatory and harmony with Argentine composer Juan Carlos Paz. During this period, Schifrin also became interested in jazz. Although Schifrin studied sociology and law at the University of Buenos Aires, music was his vocation and predilection.  At age 20, he obtained a scholarship at the Paris Conservatory.  At night, he played jazz in the clubs of Paris. In 1955 he played with Ástor Piazzolla and represented his country at the Paris Jazz Festival.  Upon returning to Argentina, Schifrin formed a jazz orchestra, a 16-instrument band that participated weekly in a popular Buenos Aires variety show.  Schifrin also began composing for films, for television and radio.  In 1956 he met Dizzy Gillespie and offered to write a long composition for this trumpeter's big band.  In 1958 Schifrin completed the play Gillespiana, recorded in 1960. Later this year, he began arranging for de Xavier Cugat's orchestra. In New York, in 1960, Schifrin met Gillespie again.  The latter had undone his big band for financial reasons.  Gillespie then invited Schifrin to fill the vacant piano chair in his new quintet.  Schifrin immediately accepted and moved to New York.  He wrote a second long composition for Gillespie, "The New Continent", which was recorded in 1962. In May 1963, he recorded an album, "Buenos Aires Blues", with saxophonist Johnny Hodges.  Schifrin wrote two compositions for the album;  Dreary Blues and BA Blues.  In the same year MGM, which had a contract with Schifrin, asked the composer for his first soundtrack for a Hollywood movie.  It was the adventure film in Africa "Rhino!", Directed by Ivan Tors and premiered in 1964. One of Schifrin's most recognizable and enduring compositions is the theme for the long television series Mission: Impossible.  Schifrin's theme for the blockbuster series "Mannix" was composed a year later.  Schifrin has composed several other jazz and blues-style themes over the years as incidental music for the series. Schifrin's "Tar Sequence" theme from his score for "Cool Hand Luke" by Stuart Rosenberg in 1967 has long been the subject of Eyewitness News broadcasts on WABC-TV New York other ABC affiliate channels as well as on National Nine News in Australia.  CBS Television used part of their soundtrack theme for the movie «St.  Ives », made by John Lee Thompson in 1976, for his golf emissions in the 1970s and early 1980s. Schifrin's score for Don Siegel's 1968 film Coogan's Bluff with Clint Eastwood began a collaboration between these three men.  All films by Inspector “Dirty” Harry Callahan, a role played by Clint Eastwood, respectively 1973 “Magnum Force”, 1976 “The Enforcer”, 1983 “Sudden Impact” and “The Dead Pool” feature Schifrin. The Exorcist soundtrack was rejected by film director William Friedkin in 1973. Schifrin had written six minutes of heavy and difficult music for the film's initial trailer, but audiences were startled by the combination of images and sounds. .  As reported by Schifrin in an interview, Warner Brothers executives told Friedkin to ask Schifrin to compose softer music, but it did not give him the message.  Schifrin said working on the film was one of the most unpleasant experiences of his life. In the 1990s he wrote many of the arrangements for the Three Tenors concerts. In 1998, in Carlos Saura's film "Tango," Schifrin addressed the tango music with which he had become acquainted while working as an Ástor Piazzolla pianist in the mid-1950s. He brought in traditional tango songs and wrote compositions from his authorship merging tango with jazz elements. In 1997, the composer founded Aleph Records. That same year wrote the main theme for the video game «Splinter Cell: Pandora Tomorrow». Schifrin made a small appearance as an orchestra conductor in Brett Ratner's 2002 film "Red Dragon," which explores the character Hannibal Lecter. On 23 April 2007, Lalo Schifrin performed a film music concert at the Jules Verne Aventures Film Festival at Le Grand Rex theater in Paris, the largest cinema in Europe.  It was recorded by the leaders of the event, and a CD was published entitled 'Lalo Schifrin: Le Concert à Paris'. Lalo Schifrin has won 5 Grammys (4 Grammys and 1 Latin Grammy) with 22 nominations, 1 Cable ACE Award, an Emmy Award and received 6 Oscar nominations.  There's a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.  In addition to soundtracks and collaborations with other musicians, Schifrin has about 40 albums of recorded originals. Quentin Jerome Tarantino was born on March 27, 1963 in the city of Knoxville in the state of Tennessee.  An only child, his parents were Tony Tarantino, an actor of Italian descent, and Connie McHugh a nurse with a background partly Irish and partly Cherokee.  The father abandoned his mother before he was born.  The boy's chosen name foreshadowed his future.  It was inspired by the character Quint Asper of the television series «Gunsmoke», played by Burt Reynolds.  In 1966 Tarantino and his mother moved to Los Angeles where they met and married musician Curt Zastoupil, with whom Tarantino would later form strong affective bonds. Zastoupil and his mother encouraged his interest in cinema. Tarantino would rather read comics, watch movies and write fiction than study.  At age 14 he wrote his first screenplay, Captain Peachfuzz and the Anchovy Bandit, inspired by Hal Needham's 1977 film Smokey and the Bandit. He attended Fleming Junior High School and Narbonne High School in Harbor City, Los Angeles. without having completed upper secondary education.  He then worked as a usher in a pornography theater called the Pussycat Theater in Torrance.  At 16, he took acting classes at the James Best Theater Company. In 1984 Tarantino began working as a clerk at the Video Archives video rental store in Manhattan Beach.  Then he became friends with Roger Avary, with whom he would later collaborate on the Pulp Fiction story.  They watched and debated movies thoroughly.  In this period began the project for the amateur film «My Best Friend's Birthday», in black and white and whose original version was lost. Quentin became a cult author in the 1990s for his arguments with unforgettable dialogues and the recurrence of scenes of extreme violence.  This feature generated an aesthetic orientation in American cinematography.  He is a director who, as he admittedly said, steals ideas from other films, his films are almost collages of his multiple references.  Take, for example, Don Siegel's cinema, Brian De Palma, John Carpenter, Lars von Trier, Sergio Leone, Jean-Luc Godard, Robert Aldrich, John Ford, Howard Hawks, Sam Peckinpah, David Lynch, Stanley Kubrick, Joel and Ethan Coen, John Woo or Ringo Lam, among others.  Tarantino said: "When I am asked if I went to film school, I answer: no, I went to the cinema." Tarantino signed his first contract in the early 1990s when Robert Kurtzman hired him to write the argument from 'From Dusk Till Dawn' to be performed in 1996 by Robert Rodriguez. He began writing with Avary and other friends, spent several frustrating years writing and trying to achieve the scripts that were intended to be his directorial debut.  In 1991 he wrote the text of "Reservoir Dogs", which he made that same year.  The film was accused of citing other films but became a cult movie. He then wrote the script for True Scott by Tony Scott in 1993 and the dementia Natural Born Killers by Oliver Stone in 1994. The latter has been censored and, almost since his debut, has been accused of encouraging and inspiring numerous homicides in the United States, notably the shooting at Heath High School or the massacre at Columbine High School. Natural Born Killers is a cinematic satire from a Quentin Tarantino story featuring performances by Woody Harrelson, Juliette Lewis, Robert Downey Jr., Tom Sizemore and Tommy Lee Jones, among others. The two protagonists Mickey Knox and Mallory Knox, united by love, ruthlessly kill dozens of people, always leaving one of the victims alive so she can tell who committed the crimes. Mind-boggling and cruel ridicule of the media, especially the sensationalism of television, most of the film is shot evoking the small screen.  Some scenes mimic television shows, notably the one portraying, as in a Sitcom, Mallory's broken family, with laughter from the audience.  Common television ads at the time also appear, briefly and intermittently, throughout it. Mickey and Mallory of serial killers become television stars thanks to reporter Wayne Gale (actor Robert Downwy Jr.) who wants to use them on his American Maniacs show.  Even after capturing Mickey by the police and escaping from prison, using Gale as a hostage, Gale sees the situation as an asset to exploit and thereby increase audiences for his program and bolster his popularity. Rejecting several tempting proposals from Hollywood, Tarantino preferred to isolate himself in Amsterdam to elaborate on his 1994 Pulp Fiction script. This is a film based on stories written by himself and Roger Avary with John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson, Bruce Willis, Tim Roth, Ving Rhames, Uma Thurman, Amanda Plummer, Christopher Walken, Rosanna Arquette and Maria de Medeiros, among others.  It tells three different but intertwined stories.  Much of the movie has conversations and monologues that demonstrate the life perspectives of the characters and their sense of humor.  Pulp Fiction, like most of Quentin Tarantino's works, is presented outside the chronological order.  The name 'Pulp Fiction' is a reference to Pulp magazines characterized by gender diversity, action-centered graphic violence,  in simple fast-paced narratives and muscle display rather than psychological analysis.  As you can see on the covers of these magazines, they explore simple, strongly expressed emotions, with good always triumphing over evil and serving to entertain and cause sensational goose bumps. They were popular during the first half of the twentieth century.  Pulp Fiction was nominated for seven Academy Awards and won the best original screenplay.  He won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival in 1994. The National Society of Film Critics awarded him the prize for best film, best performance and best screenplay. In 2005 he participated as a guest director on Sin City, directed Grave Danger, episode 24 and 25 of the fifth season of the series CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, with record audiences and The Man from Hollywood the final segment of the series. comedy «Four Rooms» directed by Allison Anders, Alexandre Rockwell, Robert Rodriguez and Quentin Tarantino.  He appeared as an actor in supporting roles on the big and small screen until he wrote and directed 1995's "Jackie Brown," an adaptation of Elmore Leonard's novel "Rum Punch." He also wrote and directed "Kill Bill: Volume I" and "Kill Bill: Volume II" in 2003 and 2004, "Death Proof" in 2007 and "Inglourious Basterds" in 2009, which, among other awards, was nominated for various categories. Oscar, including the best movie, getting only the best secondary actor. Kill Bill, starring Uma Thurman and Lucy Liu, Michael Madsen, Daryl Hannah, Vivica A. Fox and David Carradine, was originally conceived as a single film but was released in two parts due to its length of approximately four hours.  The film honors Grindhouse cinema, which is a type of low-budget cinema that is not concerned with artistic quality but only with quick profit.  To sell tickets, the plots of these films explore nudity, sex, violence, drugs, basic instincts, monsters, mutilating scenes with blood, offal, corpses or unusual themes.  These include Hong Kong martial arts films, Japanese samurai films, anime, etc.  As usual in Tarantino's films,  there is a reference to popular culture and a deliberate exaggeration in violence.  Kill Bill was filmed in the United States, Mexico, Japan and China. The film recounts the revenge of Beatrix Kiddo (actress Uma Thurman) against former teammates of a team of assassins, the Deadly Viper Assassination Squad who try to kill her pregnant while preparing to get married. As executive producer, Tarantino is associated, among others, with the films "Hostel" and "Hostel: Part II" directed by Eli Roth in 2005 and 2007 and "Hell Ride" directed by Larry Bishop in 2008. Two years after the Inglorious Basterds debut, Tarantino performed Django Unchained, a western with Jamie Foxx in the lead role, in which a former slave becomes a dangerous mercenary.  The Hateful Eight was another 2015 Western written and directed by him.  Once Upon a Time in Hollywood is a policeman due to open in 2019 with Leonardo DiCaprio, Brad Pitt, Margot Robbie, Dakota Fanning, Al Pacino and Bruce Dern, among others. After alleged romantic connections with Shar Jackson, Kathy Griffin, Margaret Cho, Mira Sorvino and Sofia Coppola, she married Israeli singer Daniela Pick on November 28, 2018. On December 5, 1901, Walter Elias Disney is born in the Hermosa area of ​​Chicago.  She was one of five children of Elias Disney, a contractor of Irish immigrant descent in Canada and Flora Call Disney of German descent who was an elementary school teacher. Walt lived much of his childhood in Marceline, Missouri.  Since very young he showed great interest in the arts.  In addition to working as a ruse, Disney sold cartoons to its neighbors to make extra money.  However, he was not at liberty to spend his money because his father was a "hard" person, forcing Walt and his brothers to save the money for the future.  In 1911 Walt and his family moved to Kansas, where he had a lot of contact with his uncle Mike Martin, a train driver, developing a great passion for trains there. Disney studied art and photography, attending Sunday classes at the Kansas City Art Institute and, after moving to Chicago, enrolled at McKinley High School and evening courses at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts under Louis Grell.  He became the cartoonist for the school newspaper, drawing patriotic themes about World War I.  Walt never had any support from his parents in his artistic development. In 1918, at the age of 16, Walt decided to leave school to enlist in the US Army, but was rejected for not being of adequate age.  Not satisfied, he joined the Red Cross and was sent to France where he spent a year guiding an ambulance after the armistice.  It was decorated with designs made by Walt to try to make people happy. Act II Upon returning to Kansas City, Walt Disney obtained a small job as a newspaper cartoonist.  Some time later his brother Roy Disney, a person of great importance in Walt's development, found a place of work for him at Pesmen - Rubin Art Studio, where he made advertisements for newspapers, magazines, and theaters.  In this studio he met Ubbe Eert Iwerks, a skilled cartoonist who became an important associate early in his career.  Both founded a trading company.  In 1920 Iwerks-Disney Commercial Artists emerged, which lasted a short time.  Later, at the Kansas City Film Ad Company, Disney and Iwerks produced animated animated films with cut-out figures.  Disney became interested in animation and founded his own business.  Presented as 'Newman Laugh-O-Grams', In 1920, Disney continued to create and market animations, perfecting a technique that combined images of real actors with animated dolls.  After the Laugh-O-Gram bankruptcy for debt debts in 1923, Walt headed to Hollywood, California.  In the capital of the movie industry, Walt and Roy Disney have put together all their savings to create a small studio in their uncle's garage.  Bring Ub Iwerks to work with them.  And so comes The Disney Brothers' Studio. Act III Early in the company, they received a distribution request from New York for the short film "Alice's Wonderland", still conceived in Kansas City, mixing animation and live action and being the first in the "Alice Comedies" series.  Then Disney Brothers created for Universal Pictures an iconic character named Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, conceived and designed by Iwerks, inspired by various characters of the time such as Felix the Cat and Krazy Kat.  Oswald's first film was "Poor Papa", which was rejected by Universal.  They then produced a second film, "Trolley Troubles", which was a great success, making Oswald one of the main characters of the time alongside Koko the Clown and Felix the Cat. However, some time later, with serious economic problems, Disney Brothers went into bankruptcy and, moreover, Walt Disney lost Oswald's rights to Universal because of a misconception, because Universal, which was in charge of distributing short films, The contract had a small clause that went unnoticed by Disney, which implied the transfer of all rights of the character to the company.  Walt was furious at this outcome, vowing to himself never to assign any rights to his characters to other companies. As a curiosity we mention that Disney Company recently reclaimed Oswald's rights with an unusual exchange with Universal.  They exchanged Alan Richard Michaels one of the main sports narrators of one of his TV channels for the character.  Following this, Disney has released a video game called Epic Mickey, in which Mickey Mouse will save Oswald from a powerful villain. Act IV Walt Disney's greatest creation was Mickey Mouse, a character created during a train ride back to California after losing Oswald to Universal, inspired by a rat adopted as a domestic animal while working at Laugh-O-Gram studio in Kansas City.  Initially Mickey Mouse's name was Mortimer.  However, thanks to the suggestion of Walt's wife, Lillian Bounds, our dear mouse's name was changed to Mickey Mouse before its release. So Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 and his first animated movie was entitled Plane Crazy.  However, before the work could be finalized, sound successfully erupted on movie screens.  So Mickey made his debut with a soundtrack titled "Steamboat Willie," the first sound cartoon, presented at the Colony Theater in Manhattan, New York on November 18, 1928, to an audience looking forward to the first appearance. from Mickey Mouse.  Mickey's voice was recorded by its own creator, Walt Disney.  Mickey's previous silent films, «Plane Crazy» and «The Galloping Gaucho» were redone and screened with soundtrack. With the initiative, the Walt Disney company made a lot of money, as well as notoriety for the excellent animations they produced. Walt's perfectionism in the art of animation was immense.  Thus, as soon as Technicolor came into being, it was soon used in the 'Silly Symphonies' short series.  In 1932, with the film entitled "Flowers and Trees" from the "Silly Symphonies" series, he received the first of his thirty-two Oscars as well as a special Oscar for the creation of Mickey Mouse.  In 1937 it was released "The Old Mill", directed by Wilfred Jackson, being the first Disney short film to use the multiplane camera, obtaining a three-dimensional effect. On December 21, 1937, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs premiered, the first feature film of musical animation first screened at the Carthay Circle Theater in Los Angeles. Made to the tune of $ 1,499,000 during the Great Depression, this film is still regarded as one of its greatest achievements and one of the imperishable monuments of the film industry.  Thanks to this blockbuster creation worldwide, Walt Disney won a new Oscar, which was actually represented by seven statuettes in an Academy tribute to the movie's dwarves. From then on, Disney's work never stopped shining.  With each new debut Walt Disney captivated its audience even more.  Among the animations that followed were: "Pinocchio" and "Fantasia", 1940, "Dumbo", 1941, "Bambi", 1942, "The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad", 1949, "Cinderella" , 1950, Alice in Wonderland, 1951, Peter Pan, 1953, among others. Disney's big rival in the 1930s was Max Fleischer and his also unforgettable character Betty Boop. Act V By 1940, the construction of the Burbank studios was completed, and Walt's team included over a thousand professionals, including animators, screenwriters, and technicians.  During World War II, 94% of this group was involved in government work.  Propaganda for military services, health films, among others that are still screened around the world by the US State Department.  In this way, Walt could count only on the other part of his staff, with whom he devoted himself to the production of short comedies, considered essential for raising the morale of civilians and military. The Three Caballeros musical animation premiered in 1944, involving real-life actors with animation, a process successfully used in later releases such as the 1946 Song of the South and the highly acclaimed Mary Poppins by Robert Stevenson in 1964. In all, 81 films were released by the studio during Disney's lifetime. Act VI With the great success of the movies, Walt had long been planning to create an amusement park that allowed children and adults to play together and that the park was constantly being improved, always bringing new attractions to its visitors.  Based on this idea and the experience of visiting other entertainment venues in the United States, Disney decided to develop Disneyland and, to that end, created in 1952 an organization called WED.  Disney searched for a large piece of land in the Los Angeles area of ​​California so that it could start building its park.  This is how Walt acquired a large piece of land in Anaheim, Los Angeles. Thanks to the commitment and creativity of Walt and his team, on July 17, 1955, Disneyland opened its doors to the public, costing $ 17 million and whose investment was quickly multiplied by ten.  The park had about 28,000 guests on its opening date. Despite some problems at the opening, particularly negative press criticism, Walt Disney, who has always strived for excellence and quality, has prepared its staff by properly training them in the treatment of visitors as well as other details. The goal is to make your customers' experience unique.  After the park's reopening and its huge success, the entire area near the park appreciated greatly, making Walt impossible to expand.  So Disney began looking for other alternatives to take higher flights and decided to build in the city of Orlando, Florida, the largest theme park in the world. Act VII Walt was deeply interested in founding the California Institute of the Arts, a college-level vocational school, covering all performing and visual arts.  From CalArts, Disney once said: “That's the main thing I hope to leave when going to greener pastures.  If I can offer a place to develop talent for the future, I think I will have accomplished something. The California Institute of the Arts was founded in 1961 with the union of two educational institutions, the Los Angeles Conservatory of Music and the Chouinard Art Institute.  The campus is located in the city of Valencia, 51.5 km northwest of downtown Los Angeles.  Walt Disney conceived his new school as a place where the performing and visual arts were set and creative collaborations and exchanges took place. Act VIII Despite his profits from his films or Disneyland, Walt was never attached to money.  For Disney, money only served to the extent that it allowed him to produce better films, improve his theme parks, and finally develop his projects. 1955's Lady and the Tramp was the first Walt Disney movie to use the Cinemascope format, which initially posed a major challenge for the Disney Studios team.  The beautiful film "Sleeping Beauty" took six years to produce and was premiered in 1959 and was the first animated movie in Super Technirama 70mm and sound in 6 stereo channels. Unfortunately, ending the production of the movie "The Jungle Book" in Brazil entitled "Mogli the Wolf Boy" in mid-1966, Walt, a compulsive cigarette smoker, discovered that he had lung cancer.  On December 15, 1966, he died at St. Joseph's Hospital. Unfortunately Walt couldn't see one of his biggest dreams come true, Disneyworld.  However, his brother, Roy Disney, fulfilled Walt's project and inaugurated, on October 1, 1971, the long-awaited Walt Disney World park, a tribute to the philosophy and life of Walter Elias Disney. Lifelong Disney has been accused of racist and anti-Semitic attitudes and of exploiting ethnic stereotypes in some of its animations.  In the 1940s he was part of the anti-communist and anti-Semitic organization Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals. Act IX Following the deaths of the Brothers, Walt and Roy Disney, the Disney Company experienced a period of decline as the company tried to change its style by focusing more on teens and young people.  This change does not please the general public.  Thus, films such as «Robin Hood» of 1973, «The Rescuers» of 1977, known as «Bernardo and Bianca» in Portuguese and «The Fox and the Hound» of 1981, known as «The Dog and the Fox: Enemies Friends» in Brazil and «Papuça e Dentuça» in Portugal, have little success. With these results Disney Company tried to change the directors thinking that it was possible to improve their situation in the industry, but the result was always the worst.  In 1990 the company returned to the domain of the Disney family with Roy Edward Disney, son of Roy Disney, in charge and the company entered a period of renaissance, again producing films with immense success on both the public and critical sides.  Among others, we point out 1989's "The Little Mermaid", which won two Oscars and grossed over $ 200 million worldwide, "Beauty and the Beast", 1991, the first Oscar nominee for Best Picture and 1994's "The Lion King", being the third highest grossing animation ever made with revenues of about $ 987 million. Today the Walt Disney Company continues to expand and is being referred to as a powerful company, with divisions in film, television, radio, record industry, games, miscellaneous character-related articles and theme parks around the world. Walter Elias Disney is a legend, a hero of the twentieth century, and his fame is due to ideas he propagated in life: his imagination, his optimism and the success achieved by his own merits… Sam Peckinpah was a controversial filmmaker known for his explicit and groundbreaking depiction of violence, particularly for presenting it in slow-motion scenes. In his films there is constantly an antagonism between ideals and individual values ​​and the disappointing reality in which the characters find themselves.  His reputation for being a conflicted person extended behind the scenes, with episodes of verbal and physical impetuosity with actors, producers and technicians. Born in February 1925 in the city of Fresno, California, from a family from the Frisian Islands of Europe.  He died at the age of 59 in hospital due to a heart attack suffered while on vacation with his family on December 28, 1984 in Inglewood, California. His childhood was spent in Fresno, California, at his grandfather's Denver Church ranch.  During the 1930s and 1940s, he spent most of his time skipping school to devote himself to cowboy activities with his brother.  At that time, the area of ​​Coarsegold and Bass Lake was still inhabited by descendants of nineteenth-century miners and cowboys, and many of them worked at the ranch.  It is likely that your childhood experience with this population and this changing countryside influenced you in the Westerns you later did.  At school he had disciplinary problems and his parents decided to transfer him to the San Rafael Military Academy. In 1943, Peckinpah enlisted in the United States Marine Corps and, two years later, left with the battalion for China to disarm and repatriate the Japanese soldiers who fought in World War II.  Although his work does not include combat, he has witnessed acts of war and torture between Chinese and Japanese soldiers.  During his final weeks at the Marines in Beijing, he wanted to leave military service to marry an indigenous woman, but his request was turned down.  Experiences in China, including being shot, have affected and influenced the way he treated violence in his films. After his stay in China, he went to study history at California State University in Fresno.  At that time Peckinpah met in 1947 Marie Selland, who would become his first wife.  She introduced him to the members of the theater department and he was interested for the first time in acting.  In her senior year of college, she had the opportunity to direct and adapt a one-hour version of Tennessee Williams's play "The Glass Menagerie."  When he graduated from California State University, in 1948 he studied theater at the University of Southern California, where he spent two seasons as a resident director at the Huntington Park Civic Theater near Los Angeles. In 1954, Peckinpah began working as a Diction and Dialogue coach and assistant director for the film Riot in Cell Block 11, directed by Don Siegel.  He collaborated with Siegel on four other films: 1954 Private Hell 36, 1955 An Annapolis Story, 1956 Invasion of the Body Snatchers, in which he also appeared in a minor role as an actor and Crime in the Streets. 1956. Working with Donald Siegel set the conditions for becoming an emerging screenwriter and potential director. During his life Peckinpah was an alcoholic and, at one point, addicted to drug use.  According to some sources, he also had psychic disturbances, of unclear diagnosis.  His problem with drinking began when he was still serving in China.  After divorcing his first wife from whom he had a child in 1960, in 1965 he remarried but with a Mexican actress named Begoña Palacios with whom he had a daughter.  His second marriage was stormy.  Peckinpah mentally oscillated between quiet and hectic periods, the last of which with aggression.  Fascinated by firearms, when he was abusing alcohol in a state of delirium he fired at the mirrors he had at home.  In some of his films, images of mirrors to be broken appear.  He and Begoña Palacios broke up and reunited three times throughout their lives, having been born out of their relationship.  In 1971 Peckinpah married Joie Gould, but the following year, 1972, returned to Begoña Palacios, with whom he remained until his death.  Peckinpah spent much of his life in Mexico, especially after marrying Palacios, because, besides being Mexican, Peckinpah was fascinated by the lifestyle and culture of this country, making four of his films in this territory: « Major Dundee 'in 1965,' The Wild Bunch 'in 1969,' Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid 'in 1973 and' Bring Me the Head of Alfredo Garcia 'in 1974. Despite his explosive temper, Peckinpah created a loyal group of friends. and employees.  Some actors like Warren Oates, LQ Jones, RG Armstrong, Ernest Borgnine, James Coburn, The contrasts of his personality polarized between sympathetic, artistic or delicate behavior to extremes of violence that could hurt him and who was with him. Sam Peckinpah began his career in the late 1950s, writing screenplays and directing episodes of Western television series on Don Siegel's recommendation.  These included episodes of Gunsmoke, Have Gun-Will Travel, The Rifleman, Broken Arrow, and Klondike.  Wrote an episode titled «The Town» for the CBS series «Trackdown».  The novel "The Authentic Death of Hendry Jones" was adapted by itself, originating in 1961 the film "One-Eyed Jacks" directed by Marlon Brando.  Officially Peckinpah's first performance was an episode of Broken Arrow in 1958 and in 1960 several episodes of Klondike and four episodes of The Rifleman.  During this period, Peckinpah wrote for another television series, The Westerner.  He accepted to be the producer of the series and directed five of the episodes.  Although the reviews were good,  The series only lasted 13 episodes and was suspended due to the hardness of the content.  Despite being canceled, Sam Peckinpah and the series received nominations for the Producers Guild of America for Best Filmed series. Brian Keith, the protagonist of The Westerner, suggested Peckinpah as the director of The Deadly Companions.  Producer Charles B. Fitzsimons accepted.  Low-budget, the Arizona-based film was a learning process for Peckinpah because it was incapable of the scriptwriter altering or editing.  Peckinpah, vowed never to direct a movie in which he had no control over the script.  This is your least known movie. 1962's 'Ride the High Country' was Sam Peckinpah's second film based on NB Stone's screenplay 'Guns in the Afternoon', Jr. Peckinpah and William S. Roberts rewrote the script, including references to childhood. from the director at the Denver Church ranch and to one of the towns of that period, named Coarsegold.  He was inspired by one of the characters in his own father, David Peckinpah.  The story is about two friends Gil Westrum (actor Randolph Scott) and Steve Judd (actor Joel McCrea) who are hired to transport gold from a mining community through dangerous territory.  One of them tries to convince the other to keep the gold. This movie was a huge success in Europe, receiving rave reviews.  For some, this was one of Peckinpah's best works. Major Dundee, 1965, was the first of several bad experiences with the studios that funded the films.  Peckinpah was chosen as director when Charlton Heston, the protagonist, after privately seeing "Ride the High Country" with the producer, gave him his approval.  The film tells the story of a Union cavalry officer, Major Dundee, commander of a Confederate prisoner post in New Mexico.  An Apache chief attacks and destroys a military company and abducts several children.  To rescue them, Dundee organizes a makeshift army that included a horse thief, Confederate veterans, and a small group of black soldiers who had been released from slavery.  Dundee becomes obsessed with his mission and advances through deep Mexico with his exhausted and unprepared soldiers.  For Peckinpah,  This was his first big-budget movie with a cast of big stars, allowing him to choose from several remote locations in Mexico to shoot.  But spending went up and over budgeted.  Intimidated by the project's grandeur, Peckinpah, after every day of filming, got drunk.  He fired at least fifteen members of his team.  Relations with the actors and crew reached a breaking point until Heston threatened to strike Peckinpah with a saber if he no longer showed respect for the people present.  A fortnight later, filming ended with another million and a half dollars more than expected.  Heston still gave his salary to maintain the project but Peckinpah's instability forced him to cancel all production.  Without being completed and without respecting Peckinpah's will,  Major Dundee was taken by the producer and assembled in several versions.  It was a box office failure and a movie failure.  Throughout his life Peckinpah maintained that in his version this was one of his best films.  However, with these incidents, his reputation was shaken. His next work would be the movie The Cincinnati Kid, about a young prodigy with gambling addiction who defeated an old master during a poker game.  Before the shooting began, the producer received numerous calls to talk about what happened during the recording of Major Dundee.  After four days of filming, the producer did not like his work and fired him. In 1966 Daniel Melnick, producer and admirer of The Westerner and Ride the High Country, was in need of a director and screenwriter to adapt Katherine Anne Porter's novel Noon Wine for television.  I heard that Peckinpah had just been unfairly fired from the movie The Cincinnati Kid.  Despite some warnings from industry personalities, she decided to hire him and give her freedom.  Noon Wine is a tragedy about a farmer who commits a futile murder.  This film earned Sam Peckinpah nomination for the Writers Guild for Best Television Adaptation and The Directors Guild of America for Best Television Direction.  The film is considered one of Peckinpah's most intimate works and reveals its dramatic potential and artistic depth. With a deep desire to make films again, the violence seen in Arthur Penn's 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, and America's frustration with the Vietnam War, Peckinpah was inspired to rewrite an argument with Walon Green. which would become the acclaimed movie The Wild Bunch.  An epic monument, this film made school especially for its montage and the way violence is filmed, sometimes in slow motion, narrating the drift of a gang of seasoned thugs after a bloody failed assault.  They try to survive according to their independent and erratic way of life in a changing world where there is no room for them anymore.  Pike Bishop (actor William Holden), the boss of these men is pursued by his best friend and former group member, Deke Thornton (actor Robert Ryan),  now on the side of the law.  On the run, Bishop's band arrives in Mexico during the Civil War and encounters the corrupt and brutal General Mapache (actor Emilio Fernández) of the federal army to whom they initially decide to offer their services. The American Film Institute has placed this work at No. 80 among the top 100 American films and British Empire magazine at No. 94 of the top 500 films ever.  Considered a controversial movie because of its sweeping images of violence and the cruel and unscrupulous way in which the characters try to survive, it was a huge success as it opened in 1969. Considered by many to be excessive or even sadistic, it is also for many a masterpiece.  With this groundbreaking film he received his only nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. 1970's The Ballad of Cable Hogue was Peckinpah's film following The Wild Bunch.  Contrary to expectations, it is a fun movie and without the epic stature of the previous work.  Peckinpah used virtually the same actors and crew members as «The Wild Bunch».  The film recounts three years of the life of a man, a unlucky prospector, who decides to live in the desert and set up a post on the stagecoach route he calls Cable Springs after discovering water there, when he was abandoned by his companions for a certain death.  Filming time exceeded what was planned by 19 days and exceeded the budget by $ 3 million.  For Peckinpah, this is one of his favorite movies. In Straw Dogs of 1971, Peckinpah had to travel to England to be able to direct one of his most obscure and psychologically disturbing works.  It was produced by Daniel Melnick, who previously worked with him on "Noon Wine" and based on Gordon Williams's book "The Siege of Trencher's Farm."  Packinpah's argument was inspired by two other works "African Genesis" and "The Territorial Imperative" by Robert Ardrey, which argue, in short, that man is an essentially carnivorous being who instinctively fights for control of territory.  The film is about David Sumnerum (actor Dustin Hoffman), a shy American mathematician who leaves the chaos of university war protests to live with his young wife Amy (actress Susan George) in the village where she was born in Cornwall .  In this village,  Amy's ex-boyfriend didn't conform to her choice.  He and his companions do not sympathize with the foreigner's presence.  Tensions arise, and they intensify to a conflictual outburst.  The mathematician is forced to defend his own home.  The plot culminates in a massacre. Criticism of this film was again extreme.  For some it was a beautiful movie that exposed human savagery, for others it was misogynistic and celebrated violence in a fascist way.  The scene that had the most disapproval was that Amy is raped by two of the locals.  Peckinpah tried to associate her with her own fears rooted in failed marriages.  Many opinions identify this scene with a chauvinistic, chauvinistic fantasy that made women inferior.  Others maintained that this was one of their best films. It was also in England that Peckinpah met Josie Gould and married her, but shortly afterwards they divorced due to their frequent mood swings and bouts of aggression. After completing Straw Dogs, he returned to the United States to start another movie entitled Junior Bonner.  Reputed to be a violent filmmaker, Peckinpah accepted the project because it is between Noon Wine and The Ballad of Cable Hogue.  The film tells a week in the life of Junior rodeo rider “JR” Bonner (actor Steve McQueen), who returns to his hometown to enter an annual rodeo competition.  Filmed in Arizona, Peckinpah said he made a film "in which no one was shot or anyone went to see it." It was Steve McQueen who, longing to return to work with Peckinpah, presented him with a Walter Hill argument "The Getaway," based on Jim Thompson's novel.  Peckinpah aimed to make this movie a quality thriller to increase its market share.  A convicted burglar meets a corrupt businessman who helps him out of prison.  Later both rob a bank.  This movie full of explosions, shootings and car chases, was Peckinpah's biggest financial success to date. Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid is based on an argument by Rudolph Wurlitzer, author of Two-Lane Blacktop, made by Mount Hellman in 1971 that Peckinpah saw and admired.  The director thought that with this film could affirm its mark in the Western genre.  Peckinpah rewrote the argument and was able to explore topics that interested him.  The movie, shot in Mexico, had a number of setbacks, such as a tuberculosis epidemic, malfunctioning or malfunctioning chambers, and Peckinpah's recurring alcohol problems.  This was one of the most embarrassing projects of his career, spending over $ 1.6 billion over budget.  It was considered an incoherent film and, at the initiative of James Aubrey chairman of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, its length was reduced from 124 to 106 minutes, contrary to Peckinpah's wishes.  The film was later released in its entirety and was reevaluated, with many critics considering it a modern classic and one of the great films of this director.  Pat Garrett (actor James Coburn), who had been a companion to bandit Billy the Kid (actor Kris Kristofferson), has moved to the other side of the law and is now Lincoln County Sheriff.  It defends the interests of Governor Lew Wallace (actor Jason Robards) and the cattle ranchers of the territory where his former companion continues to act in a criminal way.  In this movie Bob Dylan appears in a secondary role and is the author of the soundtrack.  The movie was a financial disaster.  who had been a companion to bandit Billy the Kid (actor Kris Kristofferson), moved to the other side of the law and is now Lincoln County Sheriff.  It defends the interests of Governor Lew Wallace (actor Jason Robards) and the cattle ranchers of the territory where his former companion continues to act in a criminal way.  In this movie Bob Dylan appears in a secondary role and is the author of the soundtrack.  The movie was a financial disaster.  who had been a companion to bandit Billy the Kid (actor Kris Kristofferson), moved to the other side of the law and is now Lincoln County Sheriff.  It defends the interests of Governor Lew Wallace (actor Jason Robards) and the cattle ranchers of the territory where his former companion continues to act in a criminal way.  In this movie Bob Dylan appears in a secondary role and is the author of the soundtrack.  The movie was a financial disaster. According to Peckinpah, the 1974 movie "Bring Me The Head of Alfredo Garcia" was the only one that premiered exactly as he intended.  It was written by himself but from an idea of ​​Frank Kowalski, his assistant, along with Walter Kelley and Gordon Dawson.  El Jefe (actor Emilio Fernández) discovers that his teenage daughter has become pregnant with a stranger.  Under torture she confesses her father's identity.  El Jefe offers $ 1 million to those who bring him the head of Alfredo Garcia.  Almost like a copy of Peckinpah himself, the main character, Bennie (the actor Warren Oates), knew Alfredo Garcia and seeks his whereabouts to receive the money.  Considered a macabre drama with comedy, action and tragedy, much of the criticism is negative.  In addition to being a box office failure,  it was even included in Harry Medved and Randy Dreyfuss' book list "The Fifty Worst Films of All Time (And How They Got That Way)".  But recently the movie's reputation has been on the rise, becoming a film revered by many movie buffs. After successive drop in revenue from most of his films, Peckinpah needed to hit the box office success of his movie The Getaway again.  Betting on "The Killer Elite", an action and spy movie with James Caan and Robert Duvall as rival agents, filmed in San Francisco.  But while shooting, Peckinpah began to use cocaine, thanks to James Caan, causing him unrest and little focus on the project at hand.  The producers wouldn't let him rewrite the script.  Frustrated, Peckinpah began to consume more and spend more time in his trailer, allowing his assistants to drive many scenes.  At one point Sam Peckinpah overdosed on cocaine and ended up in hospital where he received his second pacemaker.  Fortunately the movie was completed and had a moderate box office success, It was that same year that they offered him projects like "King Kong" and "Superman".  He turned them down, preferring to make a World War II movie entitled 'Cross of Iron', premiered in 1977, with James Coburn, Maximilian Schell, James Mason and David Warner.  Adapted from a novel about German soldiers, rewritten by Peckinpah, the film's budget was low and available funds were quickly exceeded.  Alcohol and cocaine made achievement confusing and erratic.  With no money, the conclusion of the film had to be improvised in one day.  The film, memorable for its visceral combat scenes and for showing the absurdity of war, was a great success in Europe and is for many a forgotten masterpiece of war cinema. Convoy was his penultimate film based on a song by the same name as CW McCall.  Despite constant cocaine and alcohol consumption, Peckinpah has managed to make this movie his biggest box office hit.  As it should be, there were problems, particularly with your health, during its performance.  Filmed in New Mexico with Kris Kristofferson, Ali MacGraw, Ernest Borgnine, Franklyn Ajaye and Burt Young, the plot focuses on a chase between police and a truck driver.  Critical opinions differed.  Some razed the film, others praised it. Peckinpah agreed to perform The Osterman Weekend in 1983, but quickly began to hate the argument based on Robert Lublum's detective novel.  Several Hollywood stars have auditioned for the film, just for the opportunity to work with legendary director Sam Peckinpah.  Rutger Hauer, John Hurt, Burt Lancaster and Dennis Hopper are in the cast.  The movie had very good commercial revenues but was belittled by critics. It was on December 28, 1984 that Sam Peckinpah died of a heart attack, leaving a work of worship.  Your cinema is either loved or hated.  He was an extreme director remembered for his complicity with a group of actors and technicians, his elite, his elect and his ingenious ingenuity. Stephen Edwin King was born in Portland, Maine on September 21, 1947, being the second son of Donald and Nellie Ruth Pillsbury King.  When he was two years old, his father left his family.  Stephen and his older brother David were raised by their mother, sometimes experiencing financial hardship.  He spent a few moments of his childhood in De Pere, Wisconsin, Fort Wayne, Indiana, Stratford, Connecticut, and then Durham, Maine, where his mother was born, returning to his parents.  He was an avid reader of the entertaining comic book horror publications, namely Tales from the Crypt magazine.  The authors who determined his interest in writing were, among others, Howard Phillips Lovecraft, Richard Matheson and Ray Bradbury. After graduating from the University of Maine in 1970, Stephen married Tabitha Spruce in January 1971. By then, he was occasionally writing for magazines.  His first work was entitled "The Glass Floor" appearing in the publication "Starling Mystery Stories" in 1967. During the early years of his marriage, he continued to sell his stories to magazines.  Many of them were later reprinted in 1978's Night Shift or appeared in other collections.  In the fall of 1971, Stephen began teaching at the Hampden Academy, with only weekends available for writing.  By this time he became an alcoholic, a problem that would haunt him for over a decade. In 1973 Doubleday gave him the necessary conditions to stop teaching and start writing full time.  That same year, after the death of his mother at the age of 59 with cancer in the womb, Stephen King wrote "Jerusalem's Lot" which was later to be titled "Salem's Lot" in 1975. His first novel was entitled 'Carrie' and was published in 1974, and in 1976 it was adapted for film under Brian De Palma.  In 1975 Stephen King wrote The Stand (published only in 1978) and also The Dead Zone.  The following year he published "The Shining", consecrating him as an author and having a masterful film adaptation in 1980, directed by Stanley Kubrick. Stephen King played minor roles in his film or television adaptations of his works, such as in George A. Romero's 1982 Creepshow, Mary Lambert's 1989 Pet Sematary, Tom Holland's Thinner in 1996, in the 1994 mini-series «The Stand», «The Shining» in 1997 or in The Simpsons where he plays himself. In 1977 Stephen King and his family spent three months in England, returned home in mid-December, bought a new home in Center Lovell, Maine.  After living there one summer, Stephen King and his family moved to the town of Orrington near Bangor so that Stephen could teach creative writing at the University of Maine in Orono.  The King returned to Center Lovell in the spring of 1979. In 1980, they bought a second home in Bangor, keeping Center Lovell's home as a summer home. In the 1980s Stephen King published several works such as "Cujo", published in 1981, "Christine", published in 1983 and also, in the same year, "Pet Sematary".  He worked on the film adaptation of some of his works such as Kubrick's The Shining, which tells the story of a family traveling to a secluded hotel where they would spend the winter tending to the premises.  In the lead roles we find Jack Nicholson (Jack Torrance), Shelley Duvall (Wendy Torrance) and Danny Loyd (Danny Torrance).  This film was nominated for Best Horror Film by the 1981 Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. In Creepshow, premiered in 1982, Stephen King worked with George Romero on the production of the film in which his son , Joseph Hillstrom King, enters, playing the role of Billy.  In 1987 came a sequel to 'Creepshow',  performed by Michael Gornick.  This sequel includes three King stories, entitled Old Chief Wooden Head, The Raft and The Hitchhiker. Christine, premiered in 1983, was a film made by John Carpenter, dating back to 1978 in Rockbridge, California, where a seventeen-year-old Arnie Cunningham (actor Keith Gordon) along with his friend Dennis (actor John Stockwell), buy, for $ 250, a 1958 Plymouth Fury in need of repair, which belonged to a man named LeBay who had a tragic ending.  The more time goes by, the more obsessed Arnie gets by Christine's car, completely altering his behavior, becoming arrogant and selfish.  Christine seems to want to be the only reason for Arnie's attention.  He even seems jealous when he invites his new girlfriend Leigh Cabot (actress Alexandra Paul) to go for a ride with him in the car. When a group of thugs destroy Christine, the car is rebuilt and, after this strange event, the members of that group begin to appear dead. Children of the Corn, 1977 Stephen King's 1977 short film debut by Fritz Kiersch, tells of a twelve-year-old named Isaac (actor John Franklin) in the city of Gaitlin, Nebraska. orders all the children in town to kill all people over 18 years old.  In the attempted escape, a child is attacked by Malachai (actor Courtney Gains), Isaac's disciple.  Before dying, the child manages to reach the side of a road where she is run over by Dr. Burt Stanton (actor Peter Horton) who travels with his girlfriend, Vicky Baxter (actress Linda Hamilton), en route to Seattle.  Burt and Vicky put the child's body in the trunk of the car and go to Gatlin for help.  When they arrive in the city,  Vicky is kidnapped by the children and Burt has to stop Isaac and the other children from sacrificing Vicky to feed the cornfields.  This work won the Best Fantasy Film Award at the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film in 1984. Since this first release, eight more films inspired by these Stephen King stories have been made, and a 2017 premiere will be produced by David Beckhan.  Children of the Corn originated a 2009 telefilm directed by Donald P. Borchers. 'Pet Sematary', based on Mary Lambert's Stephen King novel in 1989, tells the story of Louis Creed (actor Dale Midkiff), his wife Rachel (actress Denise Crosby), his children Ellie (a actress Blaze Berdahl) and Gage (actor Miko Hughes) and her daughter's cat named Church, who recently moved from Chicago to Ludlow, Maine.  Later they discover that near their house is a cemetery made by local children, where they buried their run-down pets.  Following the death of the family cat being run over, fearing that his daughter Ellie will be devastated by the news, Louis discovers, with the help of his neighbor Jud Crandall (actor Fred Gwynne), a former cemetery of the native Mi'kmaq population that can bring the dead to life.  They bury the cat in this place and it rises,  although with a different behavior.  Some time later, Gage, the son of Louis, is hit by a truck on the same road.  Then consider the possibility of burying him in the Mi'kmaq cemetery. Two years after its release, the film was nominated by the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films for Best Horror Film Award.  Pet Sematary II debuted in 1992 directed by Mary Lambert. In the 1990s Stephen King worked on the adaptation of several of his works for both film and television series such as Pet Sematary II, Children of the Corn II: The Final Sacrifice (released 1992), Children of the Corn III: Urban Harvest (released in 1995), Children of the Corn IV: The Gathering (released in 1996), Children of the Corn V: Fields of Terror (released in 1998), Children of the Corn 666: Isaac's Return 'and' The Green Mile ', both released in 1999. Some of the series are' It ',' Sometimes They Come Back ',' Golden Years', 'The Stand' and 'Trucks'. In 1992 premiered «Sleepwalkers», directed by Mick Garris.  Stephen King won the Best Screenplay Award for Fantanfestival.  The intrigue of this movie is about a boy named Charles Brady (actor Brian Krause) and his mother Mary (actress Alice Krige) who are the last of their kind.  Their survival depends on feeding on the vital forces of virgin girls.  The only creatures who are not fooled by their human disguise are cats who, by the way, are their deadly enemies.  In his hunt for a young victim, Charles meets Tanya Robertson (actress Madchen Amick) and efforts are underway to make her another victim. Frank Darabont's The Shawshank Redemption in 1994 is based on Stephen King's work Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redeption.  The protagonists are Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman.  The film tells the story of two prisoners who, for several years, seek solace and eventual redemption through acts of common decency.  It has been nominated for 7 Academy Oscars. On April 27, 1997 on ABC, the series 'The Shining' premieres with Steven Weber as Jack Torrance, Rebecca De Mornay as Wendy and Courtland Mead as Danny. Storm of the Century is a three-episode mini-series written by Stephen King that aired in 1999. The action begins in the course of a snowstorm that isolates an island off the coast of Maine from the rest of civilization. .  An island resident is brutally killed by a foreigner named André Linoge (actor Colm Feore).  After demonstrating his power, seeming to know a terrible secret about the islanders, Linoge demands, "Give me what I want, and I'll go away."  A simple but unpleasant choice to ensure the existence of the community. In Stephen King's most recent works we can list works such as 'The Plant', 'Riding the Bullet', both published as an eBook in 2000, 'Cell', published in 2006 and 'Just After Sunset', a collection of short stories published. in 2008. In the movie, "1408", premiered in 2007, based on the tale written by Stephen King in 1999 and directed by Mikael Håfström, recounts the life of Mike Enslin (played by John Cusack), an author who investigates ghost stories without much believing. in paranormal phenomena.  Enslin decides to spend the night in a room at the Dolphin Hotel in New York, reputed to be haunted.  Arriving at the hotel, manager Gerald Olin (intrigued by Samuel L. Jackson) does his best to try to convince Enslin not to spend the night in room 1408 but, Enslim ignores Olin and heads for the room where strange events go wrong. enter it. “Bag of Bones”, Mick Garris's 2011 two-episode mini-series aired on A&E Network, focuses on hit writer Mike Noonan (actor Pierce Brosnan) who has a creative block following his wife's sudden death. Jo (actress Annabeth Gish) while she was pregnant.  Torn with loss, he secludes himself at his vacation home on Dark Score Lake.  While there, Mike befriends an attractive young widow, Mattie (actress Melissa George) and her six-year-old daughter Kyra (actress Caitlin Carmichael), engaged in a conflicted battle with father-in-law Max (actor William Schallert), for child custody.  The father-in-law demands legal custody of the girl, claiming that her mother killed her husband and therefore her son.  Although I can write again,  Mike is plagued by increasingly intense nightmares and mysterious ghostly visits from his deceased wife.  Discover an album with recordings of Sara Tidwell (Anika Noni Rose), a 1930s blues singer whose spirit persists in the house.  Mike uncovers a number of incidents known as The Dark Score Madness, in which village men drown their daughters.  Haunted by the secrets at the lake, he realizes that his late wife has something yet to tell her. "11/22/63" is a work by Stephen King, released in 2011 which, later in 2015, would be adapted for a series of eight episodes.  It tells the life of Jake Epping, a thirty-five-year-old high school English teacher in Lisbon Falls, Maine, with the mission of time travel to try to prevent the assassination of John F. Kennedy on 22 July. November 1963, and solve one of the greatest mysteries of the twentieth century. Stephen King used several pseudonyms in the 1970s and 1980s, the best known being Richard Bachman and John Swithen.  He had a difficult time dependent on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine and medicines in the 1980s. In 1986 he wrote and directed the movie "Maximum Overdrive" which received very negative reviews. After an accident in 1999 with a van in the city of Lovell that caused him to fracture and injure him and made him think of withdrawing from his activity, Stephen King continues to write to this day.  He spends the winters in Florida and the rest of the year in Bangor or Center Lovell, always accompanied by his wife of which he has three children (Naomi Rachel, Joel Hill and Owen Phillip) and 4 grandchildren. Born Allan Stewart Konigsberg was born in 1935 in a Jewish family and spent his childhood in the Midwood neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.  He is an award-winning American filmmaker, screenwriter, writer, actor and musician. At age 17 he legally changed his name to Heywood Allen and later began to identify himself as Woody Allen.  After high school, he attended New York University, briefly studying communication and film in 1953, and then the following year, film at City College of New York. From the age of fifteen he had made money writing comic texts.  He worked as a comedy writer in the 1950s, writing television jokes and screenplays such as The Ed Sullivan Show, The Tonight Show, special for comic Sid Caesar for the Stanley series with Buddy Hackett for the show. «Candid Camera» for Bob Hope or the Comics. He has published in this decade several humorous narratives, essays and short plays in the New Yorker.  In the early 1960s, his new agent Charles Joffe suggested that in order to supplement his writing work, he began performing as a stand-up commedy actor with his repertoire. He begins to become involved with cinema in 1962, writing the argument of the short film "The Laughmaker", made by Joshua Shelley.  Shelley was a blacklisted actor and director by the House Un-American Activities Committee, and later in 1976 appeared in the film The Front with fellow colleagues named Zero Mostel, Herschel Bernardi and Lloyd Gough, screenwriter Walter Bernstein and director Martin Ritt.  This movie is starring Woody Allen. Three years later, he wrote the script and participated in his first feature film, the comedy "What's New Pussycat?" Directed by Clive Donner.  Shortly thereafter, Allen was writing and directing films, first making comedies and then making inroads into the drama.  In 1969, he began writing scripts, interpreting and making his own films.  His first works were 1966's What's Up, Tiger Lily, 1969's Take the Money and Run, 1971's Bananas, Play it Again, Sam (1972) or Everything You Always Wanted to Know. About Sex * (* But Were Afraid to Ask) »already demonstrated his comedic and dramatic talent. Some of his best known and most appreciated films are 1977 'Annie Hall', 1978 'Interiors', the darkest of all his films, '1979' Manhattan, '1980's Stardust Memories', 1983 'Zelig', 1994 Broadway Danny Rose, 1985 The Purple Rose of Cairo, 1985 Hannah and Her Sisters 1986, Crimes and Misdemeanors 1989, Shadows and Fog 1991 Deconstructing Harry 1997 Celebrity 1998, Small Time Crooks 2000 or Match Point 2005. Film critic Roger Ebert described Allen as a film treasure. Annie Hall won four Academy Awards in 1977 for best film, best lead actress (Diane Keaton), best screenplay and best performance.  Other films of his received awards and nominations. In addition to writing screenplay, acting and directing films, Woddy Allen also devoted himself to literature.  He has published numerous works, gathering texts previously published in magazines or original material and translated into many languages, such as 'Getting Even' 1971, 'Without Feathers' 1975, 'Side Effects' 1980, 'Woody Allen on Woody Allen', 1995, 'Three One-Act plays' 2003, 'Mere Anarchy' 2007 or 'The Insanity Defense: The Complete Prose' 2007. Allen also adapted, in 1994, as a Broadway musical, the film 'Bullets Over Broadway' ». In 1990, Woody Allen joined Martin Scorsese, Stanley Kubrick, and other filmmakers founded The Film Foundation, an organization dedicated to preserving the memory of cinema. Passionate about jazz music, Allen started playing clarinet as a child and his stage name was Woody Herman.  It is he who plays with the Preservation Hall Jazz Band on the soundtrack of the 1973 comic science fiction movie Sleeper. With the New Orleans Jazz Band they have been playing at Manhattan's Carlyle Hotel for many years.  Likes to play songs by Sidney Bechet, George Lewis, Johnny Dodds, Jimmie Noone or Louis Armstrong.  He is a competent musician with a sincere taste for older jazz.  He was with his band in Portugal in 2005 at CCB and Casino do Estoril, in 2007 on New Year's Eve of Casino do Estoril and in 2017 at Coliseu dos Recreios. Barbara Kopple's 1997 Wild Man Blues documentary talks about Woody Allen's 1996 European Tour and his band as well as their relationship with Soon-Yi Previn his adopted daughter and Mia Farrow.  Finding out that Allen had a love affair with Soon-Yi, Mia Farrow broke the bond with Allen and Marry came to marry the much younger Soon-Yi in 1997. Woody Allen allowed her life and creative process to be documented in the chamber for the first time. once over a year and a half to create the film biography «Woody Allen, A Documentary» done in 2011 by Robert B. Weide for the American Masters series of the Public Broadcasting Service. One of Woody Allen's most fascinating films is "Zelig", a fake documentary, premiered in 1983, in black and white with some color images. The story develops in the late 1920s when a strange man begins to draw public attention due to his repeated appearances in different places and with different aspects.  This man is named Leonard Zelig and has the ability to metamorphose, adapting to the environment and the people with whom he is, being known as chameleon man.  With this talent, Zelig seeks to please people of all walks of life.  From these data begins the narration of its history, as a documentary film, with testimonials and different testimonies of events.  Among them is that of psychoanalyst Eudora Fletcher (actress Mia Farrow), a persistent and ambitious woman who wants to analyze Zelig's mental state not only for professional curiosity but also to be recognized among peers for fame.  With the aid of hypnotism, Fletcher discovers that Zelig is an extreme case of insecurity, causing him to camouflage himself among people, adjusting his appearance on occasion to be accepted.  When you mix with Jewish people, you grow beards and curls of hair, when you mix with black people the color of your skin and your voice changes.  From then on, the relationship between Zelig and Eudora became more and more special until a love affair broke out between them.  Zelig, meanwhile, is making progress towards his recovery.  when you mix with black people the color of your skin and the voice changes.  From then on, the relationship between Zelig and Eudora became more and more special until a love affair broke out between them.  Zelig, meanwhile, is making progress towards his recovery.  when you mix with black people the color of your skin and the voice changes.  From then on, the relationship between Zelig and Eudora became more and more special until a love affair broke out between them.  Zelig, meanwhile, is making progress towards his recovery. But the very society that made Zelig a starlight eventually destroys it.  Its mimetic disturbance returns, resuming its former adaptive behavior.  Several women claim to have married him.  Dr. Fletcher finds him in Germany working with the Nazis before World War II.  Together they escape and return to America, where they are proclaimed heroes. For 37 years Allen did psychoanalysis and, according to him, ended his sessions when he began his relationship with Soon-Yi Previn.  It continues, he adds, to be claustrophobic (fear of being indoors) and agoraphobic (anxiety in open and public spaces). A comic book titled “Inside Woody Allen” by Stuart Hample was published between 1976 and 1984 in daily newspaper strips from the homonymous comic character.  It focuses on the neuroses, fears, sexual frustration and frequent psychoanalytic treatment of the Woody Allen figure.

This recording is part of the Old Time Radio collection.